Table 1.
LV hypertrophy and dysfunction in murine hearts of four and eight weeks after TAC.
| 4 weeks | 8 weeks | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sham | TAC | TAC+raloxifene | Sham | TAC | TAC+raloxifene | |
| N | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| HW (mg) | 101.59 ± 1.24 | 176.93 ± 5.82∗ | 124.27 ± 6.20† | 136.83 ± 4.99 | 237.13 ± 14.66#,@ | 147.30 ± 6.51$ |
| HW/BW (mg/g) | 4.17 ± 0.06 | 7.28 ± 0.46∗ | 5.62 ± 0.39 | 5.03 ± 0.16 | 8.66 ± 0.51# | 5.63 ± 0.56$ |
| HW/TL (mg/mm) | 4.57 ± 0.02 | 7.80 ± 0.11∗ | 5.49 ± 0.28† | 6.42 ± 0.24 | 11.08 ± 0.37#,@ | 6.85 ± 0.54$ |
| LVEF (%) | 78.36 ± 2.18 | 63.07 ± 2.52∗ | 61.50 ± 3.41 | 77.14 ± 3.20 | 37.09 ± 2.80#,@ | 68.91 ± 6.58$ |
| LVFS (%) | 45.65 ± 2.23 | 33.55 ± 1.84∗ | 32.20 ± 2.31 | 44.89 ± 2.87 | 16.90 ± 1.77# | 38.79 ± 5.58$ |
| LVEDd (mm) | 3.21 ± 0.13 | 3.67 ± 0.16 | 3.42 ± 0.08 | 3.19 ± 0.04 | 4.39 ± 0.03# | 3.45 ± 0.18$ |
| LVEDs (mm) | 1.79 ± 0.13 | 2.44 ± 0.12 | 2.30 ± 0.14 | 1.76 ± 0.11 | 3.64 ± 0.08#,@ | 2.14 ± 0.29$ |
| LVEVd (μL) | 41.72 ± 4.04 | 57.45 ± 5.97 | 44.12 ± 5.83 | 40.72 ± 1.34 | 87.04 ± 1.26#,@ | 49.70 ± 6.02$ |
| LVEVs (μL) | 14.13 ± 1.18 | 21.16 ± 2.51 | 17.53 ± 3.43 | 12.17 ± 1.17 | 56.20 ± 3.02#,@ | 16.62 ± 4.85$ |
HW = heart weight; BW = body weight; TL = tibia length; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS = left ventricular fractional shortening; LVEDd/LVEDs = left ventricular end-diastolic/systolic diameter; LVEVd/LVEVs = left ventricular end-diastolic/systolic volume; ∗4 weeks: TAC group vs. Sham group, p < 0.05; †4 weeks: TAC+raloxifene group vs. TAC group, p < 0.05; # 8 weeks: TAC group vs. Sham group, p < 0.05; $8 weeks: TAC+raloxifene group vs. TAC group, p < 0.05; @4 weeks vs. 8 weeks of the indicated group (Sham, TAC, or TAC+raloxifene group), p < 0.05.