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. 2021 Mar 30;14(3):339–345. doi: 10.1007/s40271-021-00509-z

Table 2.

Generalized linear model analysis of ln QALY losses

Discounted value set Undiscounted value set
Craig and Rand [7] Pickard et al. [8]
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Demographic variables
 Female/other − 0.11 0.12 − 0.06 0.09
 Age adjusted − 0.69*** − 0.38* − 0.59*** − 0.31*
 Age adjusted squared − 0.28 − 0.17 − 0.12 − 0.03
 Black − 0.24 − 0.17 − 0.29** − 0.21
 Asian/other − 0.29 0.14 − 0.29* 0.06
 Hispanic − 0.11 − 0.10 − 0.01 0.03
Health/risk variables
 At high risk 0.66*** 0.55***
 Clinical COVID-19 0.20 0.26
 Fever 0.74*** 0.61***
 Cough 0.18 0.13
 One or more symptoms 0.84*** 0.79***
Constant term − 2.81*** − 3.77*** − 1.65*** − 2.47***

QALY quality-adjusted life-year

Coefficients are reported in changes in ln QALY losses; the negative values on the coefficients (female, Hispanic) would correspond to higher QALYs; age adjusted = (age − 45)/45

*p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p <0.01