Table 6. Food group intake patterns, DDS, and DVS.
| Category | IF group (n = 129) | Non-IF group (n = 261) | Total (n = 390) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GMVFD | < 0.001 | ||||
| 11100 | 88 (71.6) | 106 (38.9) | 194 (50.5) | ||
| 10100 | 8 (6.4) | 99 (39.7) | 107 (27.9) | ||
| 11110 | 7 (4.7) | 20 (8.0) | 27 (6.8) | ||
| 10000 | 3 (1.5) | 16 (5.7) | 19 (4.2) | ||
| Etc. | 23 (15.8) | 20 (7.4) | 43 (10.4) | ||
| DDS | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≤ 1 | 3 (1.5) | 17 (6.2) | 20 (4.5) | ||
| 2 | 10 (7.9) | 113 (45.5) | 123 (32.2) | ||
| 3 | 93 (73.2) | 111 (40.3) | 204 (52.0) | ||
| ≥ 4 | 23 (17.5) | 20 (8.0) | 43 (11.4) | ||
| Average | 3.07 ± 0.06 | 2.50 ± 0.07 | 2.78 ± 0.04 | < 0.001 | |
| DVS | < 0.001 | ||||
| 1–4 | 15 (12.0) | 90 (34.2) | 105 (26.3) | ||
| 5–8 | 59 (46.2) | 141 (55.2) | 200 (52.0) | ||
| 9–12 | 44 (33.4) | 27 (9.8) | 71 (18.2) | ||
| 13–16 | 11 (8.3) | 3 (0.8) | 14 (3.5) | ||
| Average | 8.07 ± 0.30 | 5.48 ± 0.17 | 6.78 ± 0.17 | < 0.001 | |
Values are expressed as mean ± SE or number (%). P-values were analyzed by complex sample χ2 test or complex sample general linear model t-test.
DDS, dietary diversity score; DVS, dietary variety score; GMVFD, grain, meat, vegetable, fruit, dairy product; IF, institutional foodservice; non-IF, non-institutional foodservice.