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. 2021 Mar 29;12(4):334. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03574-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — A IHC staining of serial sections analyzed the expression of a-SMA and ATF4. B The chart shows the correlation between a-SMA expression and ATF4 expression. C The schematic diagram of the CAF coculture system with pancreatic cancer cells. D Immunofluorescence staining showed a-SMA and FAP were expressed in isolated CAFs. E, F qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used to analyze the mRNA and protein levels of ATF4 in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells cocultured with CAFs. n = 3. ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001. G, H. A CCK8 assay was performed to analyze the cellular growth curve in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells cocultured with CAFs, with or without siATF4. I, J Transwell assays analyzed the migration and invasion of PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells cocultured with CAFs with or without siATF4. n = 3. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001. K Cell colony formation assays analyzed the colony formation capability of PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells cocultured with CAFs with or without siATF4.