Fig. 4.

a Dose-related effects of OM on learning and memory, assessed in the MWM test. Values are means ± SD (n = 8). Significant differences using Tukey’s test: *p < 0.01 from respective water treated group and ⁺p < 0.05, ⁺⁺p < 0.01 from learning acquisition (2 h after training) of similar treated group, following 2-way ANOVA (RMD). b Dose-related effects of OM on spatial memory assessed in the probe test as; latency time to reach the quadrant which initially had a platform, total time passed and number of entries in that quadrant. Values are means ± SD (n = 8). Significant differences using Tukey’s test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 from respective water treated group, followed by one-way ANOVA