Table 3.

Histopathological Score of rats induced with paroxetine and treated with β-Caryophyllene

Animal grouping	Histopathological score
Normal control	Intact penile erectile tissues with large vascular cavernous spaces and regularly arranged connective tissue fibres and smooth muscles
β-caryophyllene (10 mg/kg)	Large vascular cavernous spaces seen
β-caryophyllene (20 mg/kg)	Numerous endothelial cells lines cavernous spaces
Sildenafil citrate (20 mg/kg/day)	Relatively large vascular cavernous spaces were seen
β-caryophyllene (20 mg/kg/day) + sildenafil citrate (20 mg/kg/day)	Near normal erectile tissues were observed
Paroxetine induced erectile dysfunction (PD) rat	Fatty (adipose) infiltration into erectile tissues were noticed
	Numerous empty cellular structures are obvious in rats
	Connective tissue fibres and smooth muscles that are loosely arranged
Paroxetine induced erectile dysfunction + β-caryophyllene (10 mg/kg)	Less fatty (adipose) infiltration were observed
	Connective tissues and smooth muscles were seen loosely detached
Paroxetine Induced Erectile Dysfunction + β-caryophyllene (20 mg/kg)	Reduced infiltration of adipose tissues. Connective tissues and smooth muscles of the penis were seen to be regularly arranged
Paroxetine Induced Erectile Dysfunction + sildenafil citrate (20 mg/kg/day)	Less infiltration of adipose tissues
Paroxetine Induced Erectile Dysfunction + β-caryophyllene (20 mg/kg/day) + sildenafil citrate (20 mg/kg/day)	Near normal erectile tissues were seen