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. 2021 Mar 29;11:7053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86109-1

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Metformin protects against progressive renal dysfunction in Col4a5 G5X Alport syndrome mice. (a) The experimental design of studies performed on C57BL/6 Col4a5 G5X Alport syndrome mice is shown. The image was drawn by S.K. (b) Proteinuria score was calculated based on urinary protein and creatinine concentrations. Proteinuria was reduced in losartan or metformin-treated C57BL/6 Col4a5 G5X Alport syndrome mice. (c) Creatinine-normalized urinary albumin concentration was reduced in losartan- or metformin-treated C57BL/6 Col4a5 G5X Alport syndrome mice. (d) The elevation of serum creatinine level in late stage C57BL/6 Col4a5 G5X Alport syndrome mice was suppressed by losartan or metformin treatment. Data are expressed as the means ± S.E. in WT (n = 5), vehicle-, losartan- or metformin-treated C57BL/6 Col4a5 G5X Alport syndrome mice (n = 8–9 per group). P values were assessed by Dunnett’s test (##P < 0.01 vs WT. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs vehicle).