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. 2021 Mar 29;11:7053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86109-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transcriptome analysis reveals the comprehensive effects of metformin in glomeruli of Col4a5 G5X Alport syndrome mice. (a) Venn diagram shows the number of fluctuated genes in three comparisons (WT vs. Alport vehicle, Alport vehicle vs. Alport metformin, Alport vehicle vs Alport losartan). (b–d) Pathway analysis of fluctuated genes in the different treatment groups, as indicated. Red and blue bars represent the number of upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Pathways are displayed in ascending order of P value (P < 0.05). †: Common pathways between Alport vehicle vs Alport losartan + metformin group.