Table 2.
Univariate analysis factors associated with ECG-LVH among adults in a rural community.
| Factors | ECG-LVH | Crude odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 21 (4.8) | 419 (95.2) | 1 | ||
| Male | 21 (10.6) | 177 (89.4) | 2.37 | 1.26–4.44 | 0.007 |
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 58.1 ± 11.7 | 56.8 ± 13.1 | 1.01 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.530 |
| < 50 | 14 (7.7) | 168 (92.3) | 1 | ||
| 50–69 | 19 (5.6) | 322 (94.4) | 0.71 | 0.35–1.45 | 0.344 |
| ≥ 70 | 9 (7.8) | 106 (92.2) | 1.02 | 0.43–2.44 | 0.966 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 29 (5.8) | 469 (94.2) | 1 | ||
| Current smoker | 5 (6.6) | 71 (93.4) | 1.14 | 0.43–3.04 | 0.795 |
| Ex-smoker | 8 (12.5) | 56 (87.5) | 2.31 | 1.01–5.30 | 0.048 |
| Alcohol drinking | |||||
| Never | 12 (4.7) | 242 (95.3) | 1 | ||
| Current drinker | 22 (8.6) | 233 (91.4) | 1.90 | 0.92–3.94 | 0.082 |
| Ex-drinker | 8 (6.2) | 121 (93.8) | 1.33 | 0.53–3.35 | 0.540 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | |||||
| No | 34 (6.0) | 533 (94.0) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 8 (11.3) | 63 (88.7) | 1.99 | 0.88–4.49 | 0.097 |
| History of hypertension | |||||
| No | 25 (6.3) | 371 (93.7) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 17 (7.0) | 225 (93.0) | 1.12 | 0.59–2.12 | 0.725 |
| Blood pressure, mean ± SD, mmHg | |||||
| Systolic | 132.4 ± 19.6 | 125.8 ± 15.8 | 1.02 | 1.01–1.04 | 0.012 |
| Diastolic | 75.4 ± 14.6 | 76.3 ± 10.3 | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 | 0.570 |
| Hypertensive crisis | |||||
| SBP < 180 mmHg and DBP < 110 mmHg | 40 (6.3) | 590 (93.7) | 1 | ||
| SBP ≥ 180 mmHg or DBP ≥ 110 mmHg | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) | 4.92 | 0.96–25.15 | 0.056 |
| Heart rate, mean ± SD, bpm | 72.2 ± 13.3 | 79.1 ± 11.9 | 0.95 | 0.92–0.98 | < 0.001 |
| 50–59 | 7 (24.1) | 22 (75.9) | 1 | ||
| 60–69 | 11 (8.7) | 116 (91.3) | 0.42 | 0.13–1.32 | 0.137 |
| 70–79 | 11 (5.8) | 178 (94.2) | 0.27 | 0.09–0.86 | 0.026 |
| 80–89 | 8 (4.4) | 175 (95.6) | 0.20 | 0.06–0.67 | 0.009 |
| ≥ 90 | 5 (4.5) | 105 (95.5) | 0.21 | 0.06–0.79 | 0.020 |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 25.2 ± 5.3 | 25.0 ± 4.3 | 1.01 | 0.94–1.09 | 0.728 |
| < 18.50 | 4 (11.4) | 31 (88.6) | 1 | ||
| 18.5–22.99 | 10 (5.8) | 162 (94.2) | 2.09 | 0.62–7.09 | 0.237 |
| 23.0–24.99 | 6 (5.0) | 113 (95.0) | 0.86 | 0.30–2.43 | 0.777 |
| 25.00–29.99 | 15 (6.4) | 221 (93.6) | 1.10 | 0.48–2.51 | 0.822 |
| ≥ 30.00 | 7 (9.2) | 69 (90.8) | 1.64 | 0.60–4.50 | 0.333 |
| Waist circumference, mean ± SD, cm | 86.9 ± 10.9 | 84.8 ± 11.1 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | 0.245 |
| < 90 in male, < 80 in female | 16 (6.0) | 252 (94.0) | 1 | ||
| ≥ 90 in male, ≥ 80 in female | 26 (7.0) | 344 (93.0) | 1.19 | 0.63–2.27 | 0.596 |
| Neck circumference, mean ± SD, cm | 35.4 ± 3.4 | 34.4 ± 3.2 | 1.10 | 1.00–1.20 | 0.050 |
| < 35.75 in male, < 32.75 in female | 12 (4.7) | 246 (95.4) | 1 | ||
| ≥ 35.75 in male, ≥ 32.75 in female | 30 (7.9) | 350 (92.1) | 1.76 | 0.88–3.50 | 0.109 |