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. 2021 Mar 29;11:7083. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86693-2

Table 2.

Univariate analysis factors associated with ECG-LVH among adults in a rural community.

Factors ECG-LVH Crude odds ratio 95% CI p-value
Yes No
n (%) n (%)
Gender
Female 21 (4.8) 419 (95.2) 1
Male 21 (10.6) 177 (89.4) 2.37 1.26–4.44 0.007
Age, mean ± SD, years 58.1 ± 11.7 56.8 ± 13.1 1.01 0.98–1.03 0.530
 < 50 14 (7.7) 168 (92.3) 1
50–69 19 (5.6) 322 (94.4) 0.71 0.35–1.45 0.344
 ≥ 70 9 (7.8) 106 (92.2) 1.02 0.43–2.44 0.966
Smoking
Never 29 (5.8) 469 (94.2) 1
Current smoker 5 (6.6) 71 (93.4) 1.14 0.43–3.04 0.795
Ex-smoker 8 (12.5) 56 (87.5) 2.31 1.01–5.30 0.048
Alcohol drinking
Never 12 (4.7) 242 (95.3) 1
Current drinker 22 (8.6) 233 (91.4) 1.90 0.92–3.94 0.082
Ex-drinker 8 (6.2) 121 (93.8) 1.33 0.53–3.35 0.540
History of diabetes mellitus
No 34 (6.0) 533 (94.0) 1
Yes 8 (11.3) 63 (88.7) 1.99 0.88–4.49 0.097
History of hypertension
No 25 (6.3) 371 (93.7) 1
Yes 17 (7.0) 225 (93.0) 1.12 0.59–2.12 0.725
Blood pressure, mean ± SD, mmHg
Systolic 132.4 ± 19.6 125.8 ± 15.8 1.02 1.01–1.04 0.012
Diastolic 75.4 ± 14.6 76.3 ± 10.3 0.99 0.96–1.02 0.570
Hypertensive crisis
SBP < 180 mmHg and DBP < 110 mmHg 40 (6.3) 590 (93.7) 1
SBP ≥ 180 mmHg or DBP ≥ 110 mmHg 2 (25.0) 6 (75.0) 4.92 0.96–25.15 0.056
Heart rate, mean ± SD, bpm 72.2 ± 13.3 79.1 ± 11.9 0.95 0.92–0.98  < 0.001
50–59 7 (24.1) 22 (75.9) 1
60–69 11 (8.7) 116 (91.3) 0.42 0.13–1.32 0.137
70–79 11 (5.8) 178 (94.2) 0.27 0.09–0.86 0.026
80–89 8 (4.4) 175 (95.6) 0.20 0.06–0.67 0.009
 ≥ 90 5 (4.5) 105 (95.5) 0.21 0.06–0.79 0.020
Body mass index, mean ± SD, kg/m2 25.2 ± 5.3 25.0 ± 4.3 1.01 0.94–1.09 0.728
 < 18.50 4 (11.4) 31 (88.6) 1
18.5–22.99 10 (5.8) 162 (94.2) 2.09 0.62–7.09 0.237
23.0–24.99 6 (5.0) 113 (95.0) 0.86 0.30–2.43 0.777
25.00–29.99 15 (6.4) 221 (93.6) 1.10 0.48–2.51 0.822
 ≥ 30.00 7 (9.2) 69 (90.8) 1.64 0.60–4.50 0.333
Waist circumference, mean ± SD, cm 86.9 ± 10.9 84.8 ± 11.1 1.02 0.99–1.05 0.245
 < 90 in male, < 80 in female 16 (6.0) 252 (94.0) 1
 ≥ 90 in male, ≥ 80 in female 26 (7.0) 344 (93.0) 1.19 0.63–2.27 0.596
Neck circumference, mean ± SD, cm 35.4 ± 3.4 34.4 ± 3.2 1.10 1.00–1.20 0.050
 < 35.75 in male, < 32.75 in female 12 (4.7) 246 (95.4) 1
 ≥ 35.75 in male, ≥ 32.75 in female 30 (7.9) 350 (92.1) 1.76 0.88–3.50 0.109