TABLE 1.
Correlations, Means, standard deviations, and Cronbach’s alpha between study variables separately for each cultural group.
| Measure | αtot | αUS | αIT | αKR | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 1. HI | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.65 | 0.73 | – | |||||||||||||
| 2. HC | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.31*** (0.23***) 0.07 (0.24***) | – | ||||||||||||
| 3. VI | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.09*** (0.11**) 0.25*** (0.23***) | −0.02 (−0.04) −0.13** (0.35***) | – | |||||||||||
| 4. VC | 0.79 | 0.77 | 0.74 | 0.77 | −0.14*** (−0.10*) −0.07 (0.04) | 0.05* (0.16***) 0.03 (0.35***) | 0.26*** (0.19***) 0.14*** (0.34***) | – | ||||||||||
| 5. Shame | – | – | – | – | −0.20*** (0.03) −0.05 (−0.01) | −0.22*** (−0.09*) −0.15** (0.03) | 0.16*** (0.09*) 0.05 (0.08*) | 0.26*** (0.16***) 0.07 (0.13**) | – | |||||||||
| 6. Guilt | – | – | – | – | −0.18*** (−0.00) −0.04 (−0.02) | −0.15*** (−0.02) −0.06 (0.04) | 0.11*** (0.10*) −0.00 (0.02) | 0.23*** (0.22***) 0.09* (0.12**) | 0.71*** (0.72***) 0.57*** (0.69***) | – | ||||||||
| 7. Trust | – | – | – | – | −0.11*** (−0.01) 0.05 (0.07) | −0.01 (−0.03) 0.15*** (0.20***) | 0.14*** (0.26***) 0.06 (−0.01) | 0.10*** (0.26***) 0.02 (0.02) | 0.10*** (0.05) −0.01 (0.02) | 0.15*** (0.01) 0.07 (0.09*) | – | |||||||
| 8. Compliance | 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.23*** (0.08) 0.12** (0.11**) | 0.39*** (0.36***) 0.26** (0.27***) | −0.06* (−0.11**) 0.05 (0.13***) | −0.05 (0.09*) −0.01 (0.16***) | −0.19*** (−0.04) −0.06 (0.06) | −0.08*** (0.05) 0.06 (0.08*) | 0.02 (−0.06) 0.19*** (0.21***) | – | ||||||
| 9. Self-reporting | – | – | – | – | 0.08*** (0.11*) 0.01 (0.11*) | 0.21*** (0.27***) 0.19*** (0.19***) | 0.01 (0.01) 0.04 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.12**) −0.02 (0.05) | −0.08*** (−0.02) −0.14** (−0.04) | 0.02 (0.05) −0.01 (0.04) | 0.19*** (0.09*) 0.16*** (0.14***) | 0.32*** (0.35***) 0.24*** (0.34***) | – | |||||
| 10. Hiding | – | – | – | – | −0.13*** (0.04) −0.02 (−0.01) | −0.27*** (−0.17***) −0.18*** (−0.17***) | 0.10*** (0.07) 0.05 (−0.01) | 0.16*** (0.06) 0.07 (0.03) | 0.38*** (0.31***) 0.29*** (0.21***) | 0.28*** (0.25***) 0.17*** (0.15***) | 0.04 (0.05) −0.04 (−0.06) | −0.24*** (−0.15***) −0.17*** (−0.10*) | −0.19*** (−0.19***) −0.25*** (−0.15***) | – | ||||
| 11. Age | – | – | – | – | −0.22*** (−0.04) 0.02 (−0.21***) | −0.10*** (0.04) −0.09* (0.15***) | 0.12*** (−0.08) 0.06 (0.14***) | 0.29*** (0.03) 0.19*** (0.24***) | 0.20*** (−0.22***) −0.03 (0.09*) | 0.04 (−0.25***) −0.08* (−0.03) | −0.03 (0.11**) −0.08* (0.02) | −0.08** (0.08*) 0.07 (0.16***) | −0.08*** (0.06) 0.07 (−0.05) | 0.14*** (−0.12**) −0.03 (0.04) | – | |||
| 12. Gender | – | – | – | – | 0.04 (0.04) −0.02 (0.08*) | 0.10*** (0.23***) 0.15*** (−0.02) | −0.21*** (−0.24***) −0.27*** (−0.13**) | −0.11*** (−0.06) −0.08* (−0.19***) | 0.00 (0.01) 0.00 (0.01) | 0.05* (0.02) 0.07 (0.08*) | −0.01 (−0.08*) 0.02 (0.06) | 0.14*** (0.17***) 0.15*** (0.14***) | 0.05 (0.06) 0.01 (0.01) | −0.00 (−0.04) −0.03 (0.04) | −0.00 (0.12**) −0.02 (−0.09*) | – | ||
| 13. PD | – | – | – | – | 0.03 (−0.02) −0.01 (0.05) | 0.20*** (0.30***) 0.16*** (0.22***) | −0.02 (0.14***) −0.07 (0.17***) | 0.13*** (0.16***) 0.07 (0.12**) | 0.12*** (0.11**) 0.31*** (0.18***) | 0.17*** (0.18***) 0.04 (0.20***) | −0.17*** (−0.17***) 0.20*** (0.00) | 0.36*** (0.52***) 0.16*** (0.12**) | 0.11*** (0.23***) 0.34*** (0.10*) | −0.05* (−0.13**) −0.07 (−0.03) | 0.15*** (0.14**) 0.10* (0.08*) | 0.14*** (0.17***) 0.08* (0.08*) | – | |
| 14. PO | – | – | – | – | −0.12*** (0.00) 0.08* (−0.08*) | −0.20*** (−0.12**) −0.22*** (0.02) | 0.34*** (0.31***) 0.34*** (0.23***) | 0.25*** (0.20***) 0.17*** (0.14***) | 0.20*** (0.07) −0.01 (0.10**) | 0.09*** (−0.30) −0.07 (0.05) | 0.16*** (0.52***) −0.18*** (−0.19***) | −0.22*** (−0.19***) −0.10* (−0.06) | −0.07** (−0.03) −0.01 (−0.10**) | 0.19*** (0.09*) 0.07 (0.12**) | 0.25*** (0.13**) 0.16*** (0.15***) | −0.12*** (−0.15***) −0.19*** (−0.02) | −0.05* (−0.24***) −0.05 (0.14***) | – |
| Mtot (SD) | – | – | – | – | 5.08 (1.14) | 5.68 (0.91) | 4.34 (1.29) | 3.84 (1.24) | 2.68 (1.89) | 3.20 (1.99) | 4.71 (1.76) | 6.09 (0.84) | 6.14 (1.48) | 1.95 (1.56) | 37.25 (13.82) | 1.52 (0.55) | 5.69 (1.42) | 42.26 (25.12) |
| MUSA (SD) | – | – | – | – | 5.56 (0.91) | 5.95 (0.79) | 4.17 (1.36) | 3.84 (1.29) | 2.18 (1.64) | 2.53 (1.85) | 3.43 (1.81) | 6.27 (0.78) | 5.78 (1.74) | 1.70 (1.44) | 39.35 (13.16) | 1.53 (0.55) | 5.99 (1.32) | 38.39 (29.16) |
| MIT (SD) | – | – | – | – | 5.31 (0.96) | 5.92 (0.81) | 4.11 (1.40) | 3.29 (1.19) | 1.77 (1.28) | 2.75 (1.83) | 5.32 (1.38) | 6.39 (0.61) | 6.61 (0.93) | 1.40 (0.97) | 26.94 (7.72) | 1.53 (0.55) | 5.37 (1.54) | 35.10 (22.75) |
| MKOR (SD) | – | – | – | – | 4.46 (1.19) | 5.23 (0.92) | 4.68 (1.04) | 4.33 (1.02) | 3.92 (1.88) | 4.18 (1.85) | 5.27 (1.41) | 5.68 (0.91) | 6.04 (1.52) | 2.65 (1.81) | 44.46 (13.15) | 1.52 (0.54) | 5.68 (1.35) | 51.85 (19.83) |
Correlations between variables for the entire sample (N = 1896), American (N = 597), Italian (N = 606), and Korean (N = 693) participants are presented in order. Correlations for American and Korean participant are presented in parenthesis. For all scales, higher scores are indicative of more extreme responding in the direction of the construct assessed. HI, horizontal individualism; VI, vertical individualism; HC, horizontal collectivism; VC, vertical collectivism; PD, perceived danger; PO, political orientation; self-reporting, intentions to report contracting the disease to health authorities; hiding, intentions to hide contracting the infection from acquaintances and friends. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.