Table 4.
Frequencies of assigned codes across studies as well as corresponding descriptive and analytical themes and model pathways.
| Number | Code | Descriptive theme | Analytical theme | n (%) | %no effect | Model pathway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-E-1 | School progress | Education | Impact | 1 (1.82) | 100 | F.9 |
| I-F-1 | Division of labor (parenting tasks) | Family | Impact | 9 (16.36) | 18.18 | F.3 |
| I-F-2 | Family legitimacy and cohesion | Family | Impact | 21 (38.18) | 6.45 | F.1 |
| I-F-3 | Interparental relationship | Family | Impact | 9 (16.36) | 33.33 | P.6/F.2 |
| I-F-4 | Parent-child relationship | Family | Impact | 14 (25.45) | 26.09 | F.7 |
| I-F-5 | Parental legitimacy | Family | Impact | 17 (30.91) | 12 | F.6 |
| I-F-6 | Relationship with family of origin | Family | Impact | 7 (12.73) | 22.22 | P.2 |
| I-F-7 | Relationship with wider social network | Family | Impact | 1 (1.82) | 100 | P.2 |
| I-F-8 | Sibling relationship | Family | Impact | 2 (3.64) | 33.33 | F.8 |
| I-G-1 | False panacea | General | Impact | 13 (23.64) | P.1/P.5 | |
| I-G-2 | No impact | General | Impact | 2 (3.64) | 100 | – |
| I-H-1 | Health and well-being | Health, well-being, and security | Impact | 14 (25.45) | 24 | P.2/F.9 |
| I-H-2 | Hypervigilance | Health, well-being, and security | Impact | 7 (12.73) | 0 | P.2 |
| I-H-3 | Legal-financial security | Health, well-being, and security | Impact | 26 (47.27) | 0 | P.2 |
| I-H-4 | Perceived powerlessness | Health, well-being, and security | Impact | 5 (9.09) | 0 | P.2 |
| I-M-1 | (Frustration with) discrimination and unequal treatment | Minority stress | Impact | 25 (45.45) | 10.64 | P.1/P.5 |
| I-M-2 | (Legal) rejection sensitivity | Minority stress | Impact | 15 (27.27) | 0 | P.1/P.5 |
| I-M-3 | Sexual orientation concealment | Minority stress | Impact | 10 (18.18) | 16.67 | P.1/P.5 |
| I-S-1 | Backlash | Safety concerns | Impact | 2 (3.64) | 0 | P.2 |
| I-S-2 | Constant concerns | Safety concerns | Impact | 10 (18.18) | 0 | P.2 |
| I-S-3 | Family cohesion | Safety concerns | Impact | 18 (32.73) | 3.03 | P.2 |
| I-S-4 | Health and well-being | Safety concerns | Impact | 16 (29.09) | 11.11 | P.2 |
| I-S-5 | Legal-financial | Safety concerns | Impact | 11 (20) | 0 | P.2 |
| I-S-6 | Physical symptoms | Safety concerns | Impact | 2 (3.64) | 0 | P.2 |
| C-F-1 | Acquiescence | Within family | Counteraction | 1 (1.82) | C.2 | |
| C-F-2 | Creation of emotional dependency | Within family | Counteraction | 1 (1.82) | C.2 | |
| C-F-3 | Creation of financial dependency | Within family | Counteraction | 1 (1.82) | C.2 | |
| C-F-4 | Creation of legal dependency | Within family | Counteraction | 17 (30.91) | C.2 | |
| C-F-5 | Emotion regulation (others) | Within family | Counteraction | 4 (7.27) | C.2 | |
| C-F-6 | Parenting practices | Within family | Counteraction | 2 (3.64) | C.2 | |
| C-P-1 | Emotion regulation (self) | Within person | Counteraction | 1 (1.82) | C.1 | |
| C-P-2 | Information seeking | Within person | Counteraction | 5 (9.09) | C.1 | |
| C-P-3 | Overcoming heteronormativity | Within person | Counteraction | 5 (9.09) | C.1 | |
| C-S-1 | Activation of community accountability | Within system | Counteraction | 7 (12.73) | C.3 | |
| C-S-2 | Activism | Within system | Counteraction | 8 (14.55) | C.3 | |
| C-S-3 | Concealment | Within system | Counteraction | 5 (9.09) | C.3 | |
| C-S-4 | Legal documents and paper trails | Within system | Counteraction | 22 (40) | C.3 | |
| C-S-5 | Opposing/ignoring legal limitations | Within system | Counteraction | 5 (9.09) | C.3 | |
| C-S-6 | Relocation | Within system | Counteraction | 8 (14.55) | C.3 | |
| C-S-7 | Symbolism | Within system | Counteraction | 17 (30.91) | C.3 | |
| M-CF-1 | Anecdotal evidence and role models | Contextual factors | Moderator | 7 (12.73) | M.1 | |
| M-CF-2 | Reaction of others | Contextual factors | Moderator | 22 (40) | M.1 | |
| M-CF-3 | Saliency of legal recognition | Contextual factors | Moderator | 18 (32.73) | M.1 | |
| M-CC-1 | Couple gender | Couple characteristics | Moderator | 4 (7.27) | M.3 | |
| M-CC-2 | Socioeconomic status | Couple characteristics | Moderator | 11 (20) | M.3 | |
| M-F-1 | Family member | Family characteristics | Moderator | 9 (16.36) | M.2 | |
| M-F-2 | Family type | Family characteristics | Moderator | 6 (10.91) | M.2 | |
| M-I-1 | Child characteristics | Individual differences | Moderator | 5 (9.09) | M.4 | |
| M-I-2 | Legal awareness | Individual differences | Moderator | 2 (3.64) | M.4 | |
| M-I-3 | Parental characteristics | Individual differences | Moderator | 8 (14.55) | M.4 |
n = number of studies the code occurred in, % = proportion of studies (out of 55) a code occurred in. %noeffect = proportion of coded statements that indicated no effect out of all statements pertaining to this code (impact codes only; no direction coded for False Panacea). Note that codes may have been assigned more than one time in the respective primary studies.