TABLE 1.

Human AQPs major characteristics from chromosomal location to physiological relevance with the pathophysiological phenotypes due to their dysregulation, mutation, and dysfunction.

AQPs	Chromosomal location	Exon number	Permeability	Tissue expression	Physiological function	Pathophysiological phenotype due to dysregulation, mutation, and dysfunction of AQPs	References
AQP0	12q13	8	Water, CO2, ascorbic acid, cations	Eye	Corneal and lens transparency and homeostasis	Cataract	Kannan et al., 2001; Verkman et al., 2008b; Day et al., 2014; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018
AQP1	7p14	7	Water, monovalent cations, H2O2, CO2, NO, NH3	Brain, eye, kidney, trachea, heart, lung, gastrointestinal tract, salivary gland, pancreas, liver, ovary, testis, muscle, erythrocytes, spleen	Osmotic water flux in tissues including eye, brain (choroid plexus), kidney and the vascular system	Diuresis, reduced tumor angiogenesis, reduced intraocular pressure, reduced CSF secretion, reduced nociception, astrocytoma, cholangiocarcinoma; breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, ovarian, laryngeal and nasopharyngeal cancers	Boassa and Yool, 2003; Day et al., 2014; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018
AQP2	12q13	4	Water	Kidney, ear, ductus deferens	Maintains urine concentration and water homeostasis in renal system	Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis and pre-eclampsia	Radin et al., 2012; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018
AQP3	9p13	6	Water, urea, glycerol, ammonia, silicon, arsenite, H2O2	Kidney, brain, trachea, heart, ovary, eye, salivary gland, gastrointestinal tract, liver, Respiratory tract, brain,	Water and glycerol channel, facilitates skin hydration and also involved in cell migration during wound healing	Diuresis, dry skin, reduced growth of skin tumors, impaired skin wound healing, impaired regeneration of colonic epithelium and impaired leukocyte function; colorectal, cervical, liver, lung, esophageal cancers	Day et al., 2014; Li and Wang, 2017; Marlar et al., 2017; Laloux et al., 2018
				erythrocyte, fat, spleen
AQP4	18q22	6	Water, CO2	Brain, eye, kidney, salivary gland, heart, gastrointestinal tract, muscle, trachea	Controls brain and kidney water homeostasis; cell migration, brain edema, metabolism and cell homeostasis	Reduced cytotoxic or increased vasogenic CNS edema, accelerated obstructive hydrocephalus, increased seizure threshold and duration, deafness and anosmia; meningioma, astrocytoma, breast, and lung cancer	Day et al., 2014; Papadopoulos and Saadoun, 2015; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018
AQP5	12q13	5	Water, H2O2, CO2	Salivary gland, eye, trachea, lung, gastrointestinal tract, ovary, kidney	Controls water homeostasis	Reduced saliva secretion, reduced airway submucosal secretion, thin cornea and reduced tear volume; ovarian, breast, colorectal, cervical, leukemia, liver, lung, esophageal cancers	Day et al., 2014; Direito et al., 2016; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018
AQP6	12q13	4	Water, urea, anion, ammonia, CO2, glycerol	Brain, kidney	Glomerular filtration, tubular endocytosis, and acid-base metabolism	Not yet reported	Yasui et al., 1999; Day et al., 2014; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018; Shchepareva and Zakharova, 2020
AQP7	9p13	10	Water, urea, glycerol, ammonia, arsenite, antimonite and silicon	Testis, heart, kidney, ovary, fat	Energy homeostasis; spermatogenesis; facilitates glycerol efflux from adipocytes, prevent intracellular glycerol, and triglyceride accumulation	Obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglyceroluria	Verkman, 2012; Day et al., 2014; Li and Wang, 2017; Iena and Lebeck, 2018; Laloux et al., 2018
AQP8	16p12	6	Water, urea, ammonia, H2O2, and glycerol	Testis, liver, pancreas, ovary, lung, and kidney	Water trafficking from lumen to the interstitium by a transcellular route; modulates membrane water permeability	Astrocytoma, colorectal and liver cancers, cerebral edema, inflammatory bowel diseases	Day et al., 2014; Pelagalli et al., 2016; Laloux et al., 2018; Prata et al., 2019; Escudero-Hernández et al., 2020; Shchepareva and Zakharova, 2020
AQP9	15q22	6	Water, urea, glycerol, arsenite, H2O2, antimonite, silicon, lactic acid, and CO2	Liver, spleen, testis, ovary,	Regulates neutrophil cell migration; maintains energy balance in neurons by enabling the diffusion of glycerol and monocarboxylates; metabolic regulation in diabetes and obesity	Hyperglycerolaemia and reduced red cell glycerol permeability; astrocytoma, liver, and ovarian cancer	Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018; Shchepareva and Zakharova, 2020
				leukocyte
AQP10	1q21	6	Water, urea, glycerol, arsenic, antimonite, silicon	Intestine, keratinocytes of the epidermis, adipose tissue	Carrier and channel for glycerol and other solutes transport	Not yet reported	Day et al., 2014; da Silva and Soveral, 2017; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018
AQP11	11q13	3	Water and glycerol	Testis, heart, kidney, ovary, muscle, gastrointestinal tract, leukocytes, liver, and brain	Maintains normal urine concentration and renal function	Polycystic kidneys and	Day et al., 2014; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018; Han et al., 2019
						hepatocyte vacuolization,
						chronic kidney disease
AQP12	2q37	4	Not yet reported	Pancreas	Not yet reported	Pancreatitis	Ohta et al., 2009; Day et al., 2014; Li and Wang, 2017; Laloux et al., 2018