Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study participants with pleural effusion.
| n = 45* | |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 50.3 ± 19.4 |
| Male | 40 (88.9) |
| Signs and symptoms | |
| Pneumonia | 26 (57.8) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (12.8) |
| Hypertension | 7 (15.5) |
| Post-traumatic empyema infection | 9 (20) |
| Tuberculous empyema infection | 6 (13.3) |
| Hospital-acquired empyema infections | 7 (15.5) |
| Anti-infective therapy before sampling | |
| Performed | 41 (91.1) |
| Antibiotics | 41 (91.1) |
| Anti-tuberculosis | 8 (17.8) |
| Anti-fungal | 2 (4.4) |
| Blood parameters | |
| Performed | 45 (100) |
| Leucocytes (×109/L) | 15.3 ± 7.8 |
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 12.7 ± 7.5 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 124.6 ± 76.9 |
| Pleural fluid parameters | |
| Performed | 43 (95.6) |
| Protein (g/L) | 42.1 ± 21.5 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 2.1 ± 3.7 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 2816.9 ± 2300.1 |
| Adenosine deaminase (U/L) | 115.6 ± 92.5 |
| Specimen collection time | |
| 2017 | 12 (26.7) |
| 2018 | 19 (42.2) |
| 2019 | 14 (31.1) |
*Mean (standard deviation), n (%).