Table 2.
Echocardiographic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 with and without cardiovascular disease.
| Variables | All patients | With CVD | Without CVD | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 157) | (n = 89) | (n = 68) | ||
| Left heart | ||||
| LA dimension, mm | 35.4 ± 5.5 | 36.7 ± 5.9 | 33.3 ± 4.3 | <0.001 |
| LV dimension, mm | 45.7 ± 5.1 | 45.7 ± 5.0 | 45.7 ± 5.2 | 0.967 |
| IVS, mm | 9.6 ± 1.2 | 9.7 ± 1.3 | 9.5 ± 1.0 | 0.125 |
| PW, mm | 9.1 ± 1.3 | 9.2 ± 1.4 | 8.9 ± 1.2 | 0.291 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 86.9 ± 21.0 | 88.4 ± 23.4 | 84.7 ± 16.9 | 0.331 |
| Mitral DT, ms | 203 ± 55 | 206 ± 53 | 200 ± 58 | 0.561 |
| Mitral E/A | 0.91 ± 0.36 | 0.88 ± 0.33 | 0.96 ± 0.39 | 0.473 |
| Mitral E/e′ | 9.2 ± 3.2 | 9.7 ± 3.4 | 8.5 ± 2.8 | 0.043 |
| LVEDVI, ml/m2 | 51.3 (43.8, 62.5) | 53.5 (43.0, 64.7) | 50.7 (44.0, 58.0) | 0.173 |
| LVESVI, ml/m2 | 19.3 (15.6, 25.7) | 21.7 (15.6, 28.1) | 18.6 (15.6, 23.8) | 0.085 |
| LVEF, % | 63.4 ± 7.0 | 62.5 ± 8.3 | 64.7 ± 4.7 | 0.063 |
| Moderate-severe MR, n (%) | 6 (3.9%) | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.179 |
| Right heart | ||||
| RA dimension, mm | 35.8 ± 5.0 | 36.6 ± 5.3 | 34.9 ± 4.4 | 0.042 |
| RV dimension, mm | 34.6 ± 5.5 | 34.9 ± 5.6 | 34.2 ± 5.3 | 0.390 |
| Tricuspid E/A | 0.96 ± 0.29 | 0.92 ± 0.29 | 1.0 ± 0.29 | 0.134 |
| Tricuspid E/e′ | 5.5 ± 1.8 | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 5.2 ± 2.0 | 0.577 |
| TAPSE, mm | 22.2 ± 3.8 | 21.5 ± 3.7 | 23.2 ± 3.9 | 0.007 |
| RV FAC, % | 47.5 ± 6.8 | 46.0 ± 5.3 | 49.3 ± 7.3 | 0.009 |
| S′, cm/s | 13.5 ± 3.2 | 13.4 ± 3.1 | 13.5 ± 3.4 | 0.946 |
| RV MPI | 0.46 ± 0.14 | 0.48 ± 0.16 | 0.43 ± 0.10 | 0.011 |
| Moderate-severe TR, n (%) | 6 (3.9%) | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.179 |
| PASP, mmHg | 32 (24, 47) | 42 (27, 50) | 28 (24, 39) | 0.033 |
Values are mean ± SD, n (%), median (interquartile range). COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DT, deceleration time; IVS, interventricular septum; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricular; LVEDVI, left ventricular end diastolic volume index; LVESVI, left ventricular end systolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricular mass; MR, mitral regurgitation; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricular; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RV FAC, RV fractional area change; RV MPI, RV myocardial performance index; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PW, posterior wall of left ventricle.