Table 2.
Summary of Sport Types and Baseline Vitamin D Levels by Sport and Sport Type (Indoor and Outdoor) and by Race for College Athletes, 2012 to 2018
| Male Athletes | Female Athletes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Baseline Vitamin D, Mean ± SD | n (%) | Baseline Vitamin D, Mean ± SD | |
| Indoor sports | ||||
| Basketball | 28 (100) | 32.1 ± 10.6 | 24 (32) | 29.3 ± 14.0 |
| Gymnastics | N/A | N/A | 19 (25) | 42.6 ± 12.6 |
| Volleyball | N/A | N/A | 33 (43) | 47.9 ± 17.7 |
| All indoor sports | 28 (100) | 32.1 ± 10.6a | 76 (100) | 40.7 ± 17.2a |
| Race | ||||
| White | 9 (32) | 37.6 ± 12.3 | 40 (53) | 51.4 ± 15.5 |
| Black | 11 (39) | 27.1 ± 8.1 | 21 (27) | 25.7 ± 9.9 |
| Other | 8 (29) | 33.0 ± 9.3 | 15 (20) | 33.1 ± 7.2 |
| Outdoor sports | ||||
| Baseball | 99 (21) | 41.2 ± 9.0 | N/A | N/A |
| Cross-country/track and field | 80 (17) | 36.3 ± 10.8 | 73 (32) | 40.6 ± 13.4 |
| Football | 208 (44) | 33.2 ± 12.3 | N/A | N/A |
| Golf | 19 (4) | 43.4 ± 10.9 | 10 (4) | 39.8 ± 8.4 |
| Sand volleyball | N/A | N/A | 18 (8) | 51.7 ± 15.3 |
| Soccer | N/A | N/A | 36 (16) | 45.0 ± 11.7 |
| Softball | N/A | N/A | 34 (15) | 40.0 ± 12.5 |
| Swimming and diving | 40 (9) | 50.1 ± 15.1 | 42 (18) | 48.8 ± 11.4 |
| Tennis | 23 (5) | 44.9 ± 11.3 | 16 (7) | 53.3 ± 17.0 |
| All outdoor sports | 469 (100) | 37.9 ± 12.7a | 229 (100) | 44.4 ± 13.6a |
| Race | ||||
| White | 261 (56) | 43.5 ± 11.9 | 157 (69) | 48.8 ± 12.4 |
| Black | 100 (21) | 27.2 ± 8.6 | 26 (11) | 30.4 ± 8.9 |
| Other | 108 (23) | 34.0 ± 9.8 | 46 (20) | 37.8 ± 11.5 |
aOutdoor sports had a higher mean baseline vitamin D level than indoor sports for male (mean difference, 5.7; 95% CI, 0.9-10.5; P = .01) and female (mean difference, 3.7; 95% CI, –0.6 to 8.0; P = .04) athletes. N/A, not applicable.