Fig. 1. Cross-classification of blood pressure measurement conditions and effects.

Out-of-office blood pressure measurements are presented in the left panels (A, C), with in-office measurements in the right panels (B, D). During the measurements, medical staff are in attendance (A, B) during home visit/home healthcare/surveillance (A) or not in attendance (C, D). Out-of-office blood pressure includes, but is not limited to, home measurements. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (overlaid domain) is performed at various locations, mostly out-of-office settings. For automated office blood pressure (D), medical staff are not in attendance but supervise the measurement procedure. Reproduced from Asayama et al. [14].