Table 4. Associations Between Maternal Socioeconomic Measures and Brain Lobe Volumes and Cortical Features^a.

	Lobe volume, cm3		LGI × 10−3		Sulcal depth × 10−3 mm
	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value
Education level
Frontal lobe	0.91 (0.22 to 1.59)	.01b	−13 (−23 to −3)	.01b	−25 (−64 to 15)	.22
Parietal lobe	0.90 (0.43 to 1.37)	<.001b	−29 (−45 to −14)	<.001b	−116 (−171 to −62)	<.001b
Temporal lobe	0.54 (0.27 to 0.82)	<.001b	−18 (−30 to −6)	.005b	−62 (−105 to −18)	.01b
Occipital lobe	0.23 (0.02 to 0.45)	.03b	−28 (−42 to −15)	<.001b	−94 (−136 to −53)	<.001b
Occupation level
Frontal lobe	0.67 (0.16 to 1.17)	.01b	−10 (−17 to −3)	.01b	−22 (−52 to 7)	.13
Parietal lobe	0.62 (0.27 to 0.97)	.001b	−22 (−33 to −10)	<.001b	−85 (−125 to −44)	<.001b
Temporal lobe	0.38 (0.17 to 0.59)	<.001b	−13 (−22 to −4)	.005b	−48 (−81 to −16)	.003b
Occipital lobe	0.17 (0.01 to 0.33)	.04b	−18 (−28 to −8)	.001b	−64 (−95 to −33)	<.001b
SES score
Frontal lobe	0.07 (0.02 to 0.13)	.01b	−1.1 (−1.9 to −0.3)	.01b	−2.4 (−5.5 to 0.7)	.14
Parietal lobe	0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)	<.001b	−2.4 (−3.6 to −1.2)	<.001b	−9.5 (−13.8 to −5.3)	<.001b
Temporal lobe	0.04 (0.02 to 0.07)	<.001b	−1.5 (−2.4 to −0.5)	.003b	−5.3 (−8.7 to −1.9)	.002b
Occipital lobe	0.02 (0.002 to 0.04)	.03b	−2.1 (−3.2 to −1.0)	<.001b	−7.3 (−10.6 to −4.1)	<.001b

Abbreviations: GA, gestational age; LGI, local gyrification index; SES, socioeconomic status.

^aAdjusted for GA at magnetic resonance imaging scan (wk) and fetal sex (ie, female: 0; male: 1).

^bq < 0.05.