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. 2021 Mar 29;4(3):e213538. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3538

Figure 3. Measurement of Atrioventricular Valve Annulus for Assessment of Univentricular vs Biventricular Outcome.

Figure 3.

A 4-chamber image by fetal echocardiography (A) showed an underdeveloped mitral valve annulus (5.6 mm; z score, −3.2) and a non–apex-forming left ventricle; however, the case was suspected to be underestimated or misdiagnosed due to suboptimal image projection. A 4-chamber image by fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (B) showed a normal-sized mitral valve annulus (9.4 mm; z score −0.3), 2 papillary muscles, and a narrow, almost apex-forming, left ventricle (LV) with normal function, suggesting biventricular outcome, as confirmed postpartum. White crosses indicate the mitral annulus. Contrast and brightness in the CMR image have been optimized for printing (case 13) (eTable in the Supplement). RV indicates right ventricle.