Table. Prevalence of Specific Substance Use Disorders Among Individuals With Lifetime Substance Use Aged 12 to 25 Years by Time Since First Substance Usea.
| Measure | Weighted % (95% CI) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Time since initiation, mo | |||||
| ≤12 | >12-≤24 | >24-≤36 | >36 | |||
| Lifetime cigarette use, age 12-17 y | ||||||
| No. | 8200 | 1900 | 2200 | 1200 | 2800 | NA |
| Past-month nicotine dependence | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 9.2 (8.4-10.0) | 5.7 (4.4-7.3) | 5.3 (4.2-6.7) | 12.8 (10.7-15.2) | 13.1 (11.6-14.7) | <.001 |
| Adjusted | NA | 6.6 (5.2-8.5) | 6.0 (4.8-7.5)b | 11.6 (9.7-13.7)b | 11.7 (10.4-13.1)b | .03 |
| Lifetime cigarette use, age 18-25 y | ||||||
| No. | 34 100 | 2000 | 2700 | 2800 | 26 500 | NA |
| Past-month nicotine dependence | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 19.5 (19.0-20.2) | 6.0 (4.9-7.4) | 9.4 (8.1-10.9) | 13.5 (12.0-15.2) | 22.4 (21.7-23.1) | <.001 |
| Adjusted | NA | 6.4 (5.2-7.8) | 9.6 (8.3-11.2) | 14.1 (12.6-15.8) | 22.2 (21.5-22.9) | <.001 |
| Lifetime alcohol use, age 12-17 y | ||||||
| No. | 18 800 | 3500 | 3300 | 2000 | 2100 | NA |
| 12-mo Alcohol use disorder | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 7.2 (6.7-7.7) | 3.9 (3.3-4.6) | 6.3 (5.5-7.1) | 9.6 (8.4-11.0) | 12.6 (11.3-14.0) | <.001 |
| Adjusted | NA | 5.6 (4.7-6.3) | 6.8 (6.0-7.6)b | 7.9 (6.9-9.0)b | 9.1 (8.2-10.2)b | <.001 |
| Lifetime alcohol use, age 18-25 y | ||||||
| No. | 54 500 | 4300 | 5900 | 6100 | 38 200 | NA |
| 12-mo Alcohol use disorder | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 12.9 (12.5-13.3) | 3.1 (2.4-3.8) | 6.1 (5.3-7.0) | 9.2 (8.3-10.2) | 15.7 (15.2-16.2) | <.001 |
| Adjusted | NA | 5.1 (4.1-6.3) | 8.4 (7.4-9.6) | 10.9 (9.9-12.0) | 14.2 (13.8-14.7) | <.001 |
| Lifetime cannabis use, age 12-17 y | ||||||
| No. | 10 800 | 3500 | 3300 | 2000 | 2100 | NA |
| 12-mo Cannabis use disorder | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 15.1 (14.3-16.0) | 8.5 (6.2-7.4) | 14.0 (12.5-15.5) | 18.7 (16.6-20.9) | 25.1 (22.8-27.6) | <.001 |
| Adjusted | NA | 10.7 (9.3-12.3)b | 14.6 (13.2-16.2)b | 16.8 (15.0-18.8)b | 20.1 (18.0-22.3)b | <.001 |
| Lifetime cannabis use, age 18-25 y | ||||||
| No. | 35 100 | 2100 | 3300 | 3800 | 26 000 | NA |
| 12-mo Cannabis use disorder | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 10.2 (9.8-10.7) | 4.8 (3.8-6.1) | 7.8 (6.7-9.0) | 9.4 (8.2-10.7) | 11.1 (10.6-11.7) | <.001 |
| Adjusted | NA | 6.4 (5.2-7.9) | 8.5 (7.4-9.8) | 9.1 (8.0-10.4) | 10.9 (10.3-11.4) | <.001 |
| Lifetime cocaine use, age 18-25 y | ||||||
| No. | 7600 | 1400 | 1200 | 3700 | 1200 | NA |
| 12-mo Cocaine use disorder | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 5.6 (5.0-6.3) | 6.2 (4.6-8.2) | 4.6 (3.5-6.1) | 4.6 (3.3-6.3) | 6.2 (5.3-7.3) | .56 |
| Adjusted | NA | 5.6 (4.2-7.4) | 4.7 (3.5-6.3) | 4.7 (3.4-6.4) | 6.4 (5.4-7.6) | .28 |
| Lifetime methamphetamine use, age 18-25 y | ||||||
| No. | 2000 | 200 | 300 | 300 | 1200 | NA |
| 12-mo Methamphetamine use disorder | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 15.9 (13.9-18.1) | 27.7 (19.4-37.9) | 14.9 (10.3-21.0) | 15.6 (11.1-21.5) | 14.5 (12.0-17.4) | .02 |
| Adjusted | NA | 24.8 (16.8-34.9) | 13.3 (9.4-18.6) | 15.4 (11.3-20.7) | 15.3 (12.7-18.3) | .03 |
| Lifetime heroin use, age 18-25 y | ||||||
| No. | 1100 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 700 | NA |
| 12-mo Heroin use disorder | ||||||
| Unadjusted | 25.9 (22.6-29.4) | 30.6 (20.8-42.6) | 26.7 (19.3-35.7) | 24.3 (17.4-32.9) | 25.3 (21.1-30.1) | .71 |
| Adjusted | NA | 30.9 (20.6-43.4) | 44.4 (32.0-57.5) | 36.9 (26.7-46.2) | 42.5 (35.4-49.9) | .30 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
Data from 2015 to 2018 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Prevalence controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, age at first tobacco use (excluded from nicotine dependence analysis), age at first alcohol use (excluded from alcohol use disorder analysis), nicotine dependence (excluded from nicotine dependence analysis), major depressive episode, alcohol use disorder (excluded from alcohol use disorder analysis), cannabis use disorder (excluded from cannabis use disorder analysis), cocaine use or disorder (excluded from cocaine use disorder analysis), hallucinogen use or disorder, prescription tranquilizer/sedative use disorder, prescription stimulant use disorder, and prescription opioid or heroin use disorder (heroin use disorder analysis: entered prescription opioid use disorder).
Adjusted estimate for adolescents was significantly different from adjusted estimate for young adults within the same period (P < .05).