Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of California Medicare FFS Beneficiaries With Incident Diagnoses of Dementia or MCI.
| Characteristic | White, No. (%) (n = 7817)a | Asian, No. (%) (n = 993)a | P valueb | Black, No. (%) (n = 407)a | P valueb | Hispanic, No. (%) (n = 1255)a | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of Total sample | 74.6 | 9.5 | NA | 3.9 | NA | 12.0 | NA |
| % of All beneficiaries without prior diagnosesc | 0.6 | 0.5 | .32 | 0.5 | .33 | 0.5 | .39 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 83.4 (8.1) | 82.9 (7.7) | .10 | 80.4 (8.4) | <.001 | 80.9 (7.7) | <.001 |
| Female sex | 4838 (61.9) | 643 (64.8) | .09 | 245 (60.2) | .53 | 778 (62.0) | .97 |
| High neighborhood disadvantage (ADI) | 1189 (15.2) | 126 (12.7) | .02 | 101 (24.8) | <.001 | 434 (34.6) | <.001 |
| Metropolitan residence | 6730 (86.1) | 972 (97.9) | <.001 | 394 (96.8) | <.001 | 1122 (89.4) | .002 |
| Elixhauser score, mean (SD) | 4.8 (2.9) | 4.8 (2.9) | .55 | 5.2 (3.0) | .005 | 5.1 (3.0) | <.001 |
| Incident MCI diagnosis | 1825 (23.3) | 122 (12.3) | <.001 | 74 (18.2) | .02 | 198 (15.8) | <.001 |
| Recommended services | |||||||
| Specialist evaluation | 2769 (35.4) | 286 (28.8) | <.001 | 151 (37.1) | .52 | 415 (33.1) | .11 |
| Laboratory testing | 1345 (17.2) | 101 (10.2) | <.001 | 58 (14.3) | .14 | 194 (15.5) | .14 |
| Neuroimaging studies | 2270 (29.0) | 260 (26.2) | .07 | 106 (26.0) | .21 | 373 (29.7) | .65 |
Abbreviations: ADI, area deprivation index; FFS, fee-for-service; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; NA, not applicable.
a
Race/ethnicity based on Research Triangle Institute algorithm.
b
Based on independent-sample t tests for continuous variables or χ2 tests for categorical variables derived from comparisons with the White group.
c
Percentage of total Medicare beneficiaries in 2015 in the same racial/ethnic group.