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. 2021 Mar 29;175(6):1–8. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6973

Figure 2. Trends in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Participation Over Time and Difference-in-Differences Estimates of the Association Between WIC Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) Implementation and WIC Participation in All 50 States.

Figure 2.

A, Trends in WIC participation over time in non-EBT states. B, Trends in WIC participation over time in states that implemented EBT between 2014 and 2019, by time from policy implementation. C, Trends in WIC participation over time in states that implemented EBT before October 2014. D, Difference-in-differences estimates (difference in WIC caseload between EBT and non-EBT states, in the months before and after this policy change). In panel D, the x-axis represents the number of months relative to statewide WIC EBT implementation, with event months 39 or more months before or after EBT implementation combined into a single time point. Shaded areas represent 95% CIs.