Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Factors | Overall (N = 215,338) | Non-HAI (N = 212,259) | HAI (N = 3079) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years ± SD) | 51.59 ± 21.74 | 51.44 ± 21.68 | 61.71 ± 23.56 | < 0.001 |
| ABT [n (%)] | ||||
| Non-ABT | 206,385 (95.84) | 203,786 (96.01) | 2599 (84.41) | < 0.001 |
| RBCs | 6868 (3.19) | 6531 (3.08) | 337 (10.95) | |
| Cryoprecitation | 59 (0.03) | 56 (0.03) | 3 (0.10) | |
| FFPs | 1264 (0.59) | 1189 (0.56) | 75 (2.44) | |
| Platelets | 762 (0.35) | 697 (0.33) | 65 (2.11) | |
| Gender [n (%)] | 106,812 (49.60) | 104,937 (49.44) | 1875 (60.90) | < 0.001 |
| Venous catheterization [n (%)] | 13,904 (6.46) | 13,189 (6.21) | 715 (23.22) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation [n (%)] | 4888 (2.27) | 4290 (2.02) | 598 (19.42) | < 0.001 |
| Urinary catheterization [n (%)] | 48,195 (22.38) | 46,842 (22.07) | 1353 (43.94) | < 0.001 |
| Tracheotomy [n (%)] | 1421 (0.66) | 1194 (0.56) | 227 (7.37) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes [n (%)] | 29,428 (13.67) | 28,730 (13.54) | 698 (22.67) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 52,713 (24.48) | 51,392 (24.21) | 1321 (42.90) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [n (%)] | 7902 (3.67) | 7545 (3.55) | 357 (11.59) | < 0.001 |
| ICU admission now or in the past [n (%)] | 12,997 (6.04) | 12,159 (5.73) | 838 (27.22) | < 0.001 |
| Hemodialysis [n (%)] | 451 (0.21) | 428 (0.20) | 23 (0.75) | < 0.001 |
| Surgery [n (%)] | 110,353 (51.25) | 108,675 (51.20) | 1678 (54.50) | < 0.001 |
| Community infections [n (%)] | 28,396 (13.19) | 27,808 (13.10) | 588 (19.10) | < 0.001 |
| Principal diagnosis (ICU-10 code) [n (%)] | ||||
| Certain infectious diseases and parasites(A00-B99) | 6561 (3.05) | 6404 (3.02) | 157 (5.10) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor (C00-D48) | 30,975 (14.38) | 30,505 (14.37) | 470 (15.26) | |
| Blood and hematopoietic diseases and certain diseases involving immune mechanisms (D50-D89) | 1735 (0.81) | 1710 (0.81) | 25 (0.81) | |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90) | 5453 (2.53) | 5355 (2.52) | 98 (3.18) | |
| Mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F99) | 3717 (1.73) | 3668 (1.73) | 49 (1.59) | |
| Nervous system diseases (G00-G99) | 7870 (3.65) | 7699 (3.63) | 171 (5.55) | |
| Eye and appendage diseases (H00-H59) | 6051 (2.81) | 6050 (2.85) | 1 (0.03) | |
| Ear and mastoid diseases (H60-H95) | 2092 (0.97) | 2086 (0.98) | 6 (0.19) | |
| Circulatory diseases (I00-I99) | 27,682 (12.86) | 27,109 (12.77) | 573 (18.61) | |
| Respiratory diseases (J00-J99) | 17,848 (8.29) | 17,287 (8.14) | 561 (18.22) | |
| Digestive diseases (K00-K93) | 26,575 (12.34) | 26,383 (12.43) | 192 (6.24) | |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (L00-L99) | 3201 (1.49) | 3176 (1.50) | 25 (0.81) | |
| Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases (M00-M99) | 11,295 (5.25) | 11,124 (5.24) | 171 (5.55) | |
| Genitourinary diseases (N00-N99) | 15,174 (7.05) | 15,010 (7.07) | 164 (5.33) | |
| Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium (O00-O99) | 11,294 (5.24) | 11,256 (5.30) | 38 (1.23) | |
| Diseases that originated in the perinatal period (P00-P96) | 1177 (0.55) | 1137 (0.54) | 40 (1.30) | |
| Congenital malformations, deformation, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99) | 3595 (1.67) | 3577 (1.69) | 18 (0.58) | |
| Abnormal symptoms, signs, clinical and laboratory results, and cannot be classified in other categories (R00-R99) | 2663 (1.24) | 2652 (1.25) | 11 (0.36) | |
| Injury, poisoning and other external pathogenic factors (S00-T98) | 9192 (4.27) | 9058 (4.27) | 134 (4.35) | |
| External causes of illness and death (V01-V98) | 21,188 (9.84) | 21,013 (9.90) | 175 (5.68) |