Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics according to frailty status
| Parameters | No frailty (n=91) | Frailty (n=29) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative variable | |||
| Age (years) | 68.0 ± 8.8 | 75.6 ± 6.8 | <0.01 |
| Sex (male/female) | 38/26 | 11/6 | 0.69 |
| Diabetes (+/−) | 41/49 | 17/12 | 0.20 |
| Pulmonary dysfunction (+/−) | 19/72 | 9/20 | 0.07 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 12.8 ± 1.6 | 0.55 |
| AST (U/L) | 50.4 ± 71.7 | 39.1 ± 35.5 | 0.83 |
| PT (s) | 12.0 ± 1.4 | 12.0 ± 1.3 | 0.66 |
| Immuno-nutritional status | |||
| TLC (/μL) | 1467 ± 513 | 1350 ± 524 | 0.22 |
| NLR | 2.8 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 0.09 |
| PNI | 47.3 ± 5.0 | 43.1 ± 7.8 | <0.01 |
| Albumin (g/mL) | 4.0 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 0.01 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 2.4 | 0.40 |
| mGPS (0/1, 2) | 70/21 | 18/11 | 0.12 |
| Tumor factors | |||
| CEA (ng/mL) | 4.1 ± 10.1 | 3.5 ± 4.7 | 0.87 |
| CA19-9 (U/mL) | 388 ± 713 | 1038 ± 2871 | 0.11 |
| Maximum diameter (cm) | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.4 | 0.03 |
| Lymph node metastasis (+/−) | 65/26 | 15/14 | 0.04 |
| Lymphatic invasion (+/−) | 32/59 | 6/23 | 0.12 |
| Venous invasion (+/−) | 22/69 | 4/25 | 0.21 |
| Differentiation (well, mod/por) | 79/12 | 23/6 | 0.27 |
| Stage (I / II) | 27 / 64 | 4/25 | 0.07 |
| Perioperative status | |||
| Procedure (PD/DP/TP) | 58/32/1 | 20/7/2 | 0.18 |
| Operative time (min) | 396 ± 113 | 444 ± 120 | 0.02 |
| Bleeding (ml) | 264 ± 245 | 319 ± 264 | 0.35 |
| Postoperative complication | 42 (46%) | 14 (48%) | 0.84 |
| Postoperative hospital stay (days) | 32 ± 22 | 31 ± 16 | 0.89 |
AST aspartate aminotransferase, PT prothrombin time, TLC total lymphocyte count NLR neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, PNI prognostic nutritional index, CRP C-reactive protein, mGPS modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19-9, PD pancreatoduodenectomy, DP distal pancreatectomy, TP total pancreatectomy
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD