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. 2021 Mar 30;20:58. doi: 10.1186/s12943-021-01349-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Characterization of circulating exosomal mRNAs (emRNAs). a, Workflow of the study, including sample processing, emRNA sequencing, demonstrating the landscape and characteristics of emRNA, optimizing the detection strategy, and identifying tumor-specific emRNA signatures. b, The type and distribution of RNAs in circulating exosomes. Raw reads are the sequences detected by RNA sequencing. Query reads are those after trimming. Mappable reads are those mapped to known human RNA or genomes. Circos plots showing all mRNAs (c), and oncogene mRNAs (d), from PCa tissues and circulating exosomes of the same cohort of patients. e, Scatter plot illustrating the correlation between tissue mRNA and emRNA levels. f, Venn diagrams showing the distinctive expression patterns between emRNAs and tissue mRNAs (based on the threshold of p value< 0.05 and fold change > 2 for upregulated and fold change < 0.5 for downregulated)