Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes
| Tertile 1 (n = 404) | Tertile 2 (n = 406) | Tertile 3 (n = 405) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n(%) | 273 (67.5%) | 282 (69.4%) | 273 (67.4%) | 0.785 |
| Age, years | 66.2 ± 12.5 | 65.7 ± 11.8 | 65.9 ± 12.1 | 0.729 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.2 ± 3.7 | 26.9 ± 3.6 | 25.2 ± 3.6 | 0.002 |
| STEMI, n(%) | 160 (39.6%) | 197 (48.5%) | 227 (56.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 291 (72.0%) | 268 (66.0%) | 288 (71.1%) | 0.167 |
| Dyslipidemia | 197 (48.37%) | 181 (44.5%) | 181 (44.6%) | 0.397 |
| Previous MI | 48 (11.8%) | 46 (11.3%) | 33 (8.1%) | 0.173 |
| Prior PCI | 69 (17.0%) | 70 (17.2%) | 60 (14.8%) | 0.580 |
| CKD | 49 (12.1%) | 45 (11.0%) | 63 (15.5%) | 0.139 |
| Smoking | 235 (58.1%) | 248 (61.0%) | 224 (55.3%) | 0.249 |
| LVEF (%) | 57.3 ± 10.8 | 56.4 ± 11.2 | 55.6 ± 11.3 | 0.114 |
| Laboratory assessment | ||||
| ABG, mmol/L | 8.25 ± 2.59 | 11.23 ± 3.32 | 15.18 ± 4.97 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.66 ± 1.72 | 7.58 ± 1.69 | 7.40 ± 1.55 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 126.9 ± 24.5 | 131.1 ± 23.7 | 129.6 ± 22.7 | 0.025 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 35.8 ± 4.8 | 34.9 ± 7.7 | 35.4 ± 5.9 | 0.921 |
| eGFR, ml/(min*1.73m2) | 74.6 ± 23.9 | 75.8 ± 24.0 | 72.1 ± 26.5 | 0.180 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1653 (551, 5926) | 1874 (653, 6114) | 2302 (713, 7778) | 0.036 |
| Peak TnI, ng/mL | 2.6 (0.5, 11.4) | 5.7 (1.5, 22.2) | 6.9 (1.6, 24.4) | < 0.001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L | 6.8 (2.2, 14.8) | 7.5 (1.9, 17.6) | 7.7 (2.3, 20.6) | 0.256 |
| In-hospital medication | ||||
| Anti-platelet agents | 387 (95.7%) | 394 (97.0%) | 389 (96.0%) | 0.525 |
| Statin | 365 (90.3%) | 364 (89.6%) | 358 (88.3%) | 0.657 |
| ACEI or ARB | 335 (82.9%) | 342 (84.2%) | 330 (81.4%) | 0.436 |
| Beta-blocker | 323 (79.9%) | 313 (77.0%) | 311 (76.7%) | 0.239 |
| Diuretics | 72 (17.8%) | 64 (15.7%) | 68 (16.7%) | 0.665 |
| PCI, n(%) | 282 (69.8%) | 304 (74.8%) | 293 (72.3%) | 0.272 |
| IABP, n(%) | 7 (1.7%) | 13 (3.2%) | 14 (3.4%) | 0.276 |
| In-hospital outcomes | ||||
| AKI | 18 (4.4%) | 32 (7.8%) | 53 (13.0%) | < 0.001 |
| All-cause death | 11 (2.7%) | 15 (3.6%) | 26 (6.4%) | 0.027 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 20 (4.9%) | 31 (7.6%) | 47 (11.6%) | 0.002 |
Diabetic patients with AMI were divided according to the tertile levels of SHR (Tertile 1: SHR < 1.04; Tertile 2:1.04 ≤ SHR < 1.33; Tertile 3: SHR ≥ 1.33)
BMI: body mass index, STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, CKD: chronic kidney disease, PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, SHR: stress hyperglycemia ratio, ABG: admission blood glucose, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, NT-proBNP: N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide, TnI: Troponin I, AKI: acute kidney injury