TABLE 1: Clinical, biochemical characteristics, energy intake, and anthropometric indicators related to the sex of people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (2019).
| Variables | Total (N=72) | Females (n=25) | Males (n=47) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||||
| CD4+ T lymphocyte count, mean (95% CI) | 544.7 (478.13-611.21) | 516.0 (419.86-612.14) | 559.91(469.53-650.30) | 0.732* | |||
| Undetectable viral load | 56 | 77.8 | 20 | 80.0 | 36 | 76.6 | 0.741 |
| Time of HIV infection in years, mean (95% CI) | 6.25 (5.08-7.42) | 8.20 (6.32-10.08) | 5.21 (3.77-6.65) | 0.224* | |||
| Time of ART in years, mean (95% CI) | 5.31( 4.28-6.33) | 6.40 (5.07-7.73) | 4.72(3.32-6.12) | 0.210* | |||
| Biochemical characteristics | |||||||
| Triglycerides (mean±SD) | 120.61±53.33 | 119.81±48.98 | 121.00±55.97 | 0.939 | |||
| Total cholesterol (mean±SD) | 181.85±39.84 | 199.61±32.76 | 173.21±40.50 | 0.020 | |||
| LDL (mean±SD) | 108.70±33.59 | 126.51±34.75 | 100.03±29.77 | 0.005 | |||
| HDL (mean±SD) | 51.88±16.21 | 47.85±12.52 | 53.83±17.56 | 0.202 | |||
| Mean fasting glycemia (CI 95%) | 111.69 (78.61-144.77) | 96.24 (84.07-108.41) | 119.63 (69.28-169.97) | 0.634* | |||
| Energy intake | |||||||
| Energy intake. kcal (mean±SD) | 1825.65±678.72 | 1439.80±456.31 | 2030.90±691.68 | 0.000 | |||
| Anthropometric indicators | |||||||
| Meters high (mean±SD) | 1.66±0.11 | 1.55±0.08 | 1.72±0.07 | 0.000¥ | |||
| Body mass kg (mean±SD) | 68.69±16.25 | 61.91±16.45 | 72.30±15.10 | 0.009¥ | |||
| BMI kg/m² (mean±SD) | 24.6±5.06 | 25.65±6.60 | 24.04±3.99 | 0.202¥ | |||
| BMI classification | |||||||
| Underweight | 10.0 | 13.9 | 4.0 | 16 | 6.0 | 12.8 | 0.473** |
| Eutrophy | 33.0 | 45.8 | 9.0 | 36 | 22.0 | 51.1 | |
| Overweight/Obesity | 29.0 | 40.3 | 12.0 | 48 | 17.0 | 36.2 | |
| TSF mm (mean±SD) | 13.6±7.46 | 17.98±7.57 | 11.27±6.34 | 0.000¥ | |||
| TSF classification | |||||||
| Underweight | 45.0 | 62.5 | 16.0 | 64 | 29.0 | 61.7 | 0.375** |
| Eutrophy | 5.0 | 6.9 | 3.0 | 12 | 26.0 | 4.3 | |
| Overweight/Obesity | 22.0 | 30.6 | 6.0 | 24 | 16.0 | 34 | |
| MAC cm (mean±SD) | 28.75±6.35 | 28.82±9.49 | 28.72±3.91 | 0.950¥ | |||
| MAC classification | |||||||
| Underweight | 31 | 43.1 | 12 | 48 | 19 | 40.4 | 0.334** |
| Eutrophy | 28 | 38.9 | 7 | 28 | 12 | 44.7 | |
| Overweight/Obesity | 13 | 18.1 | 6 | 24 | 7 | 14.9 | |
| MAMC classification | |||||||
| Underweight | 59 | 81.9 | 16 | 64 | 43 | 91.5 | 0.004** |
| Eutrophy | 13 | 18.1 | 9 | 36 | 4 | 8.5 | |
| NC cm (mean±SD) | 35.58±3.86 | 32.73±3.19 | 37.1±3.31 | 0.001¥ | |||
| NC Classification | |||||||
| Regular | 43.0 | 59.7 | 17.0 | 68 | 62.0 | 55.3 | 0.296** |
| Increased | 29.0 | 40.3 | 8.0 | 32 | 12.0 | 44.7 | |
| WC cm (mean±SD) | 83.99±13.10 | 83.45±17.40 | 84.28±10.33 | 0.801¥ | |||
| High-risk WC | 32.0 | 31.9 | 14.0 | 56 | 9.0 | 19.1 | 0.001** |
| WHR (mean±SD) | 0.87±0.09 | 0.87±0.11 | 0.87±0.08 | 0.808¥ | |||
| High-risk WHR | 16.0 | 22.2 | 14.0 | 56 | 2.0 | 4.3 | 0.000** |
| WHtR (mean±SD) | 0.51±0.08 | 0.54±0.09 | 0.49±0.05 | 0.013¥ | |||
| High-risk WHtR | 38.0 | 52.8 | 17.0 | 68 | 21.0 | 44.7 | 0.059** |
Note: CI: confidence interval, ART: antiretroviral therapy, SD: standard deviation, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, BMI: body mass index, TSF: tricipital skinfold, MAC: mid-arm circumference, MAMC: mid-arm muscle circumference. Student’s t-test-parametric variables; * Mann-Whitney U test-non-parametric variables; **Pearson’s Chi-square test. The p-value refers to the difference between males and females.