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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Shock. 2021 Feb 1;55(2):156–166. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001619

Table 2.

Summary of studies investigating platelet-monocyte aggregate formation in sepsis

Species Experimental model PMA detection method PMA change Involved molecules Implications
Mouse CLP (in vivo) blood Samples Flow cytometry ↑ Not studied PMA was used as an early marker of platelet activation (26)
Human Coculture platelets and monocyte in presence of LPS (ex vivo) Flow cytometry ↑ Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)–CD11b axis Platelets induced monocytes toward type 1 macrophage (M1) phenotype (28)
Human Observational prospective study (in vivo). Blood Samples Flow cytometry ↑ Not studied Increased PMA was associated with higher mortality. Percentage of PMA varied in monocyte subsets (116)
Human Prospective cohort study (in vivo) blood samples Flow cytometry ↑ Not studied Elevated PMA was associated with higher mortality in older patients (>=65) but not in younger patients (<65) (27)
Human Prospective cohort study (in vivo) blood samples Flow cytometry ↑ Not studied PMA was higher in gram-positive bacteria caused sepsis than gram-negative (17)