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Invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Invasive hemodynamic measurements are done via pulmonary arterial and radial arterial catheters. These measurements are monitored while a patient is at rest and during incremental upright exercise. Reprinted by permission from the Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art and Photography, 2020. All Rights Reserved. Illustration by David R. Schumick, B.S., C.M.I.
