Table 5.

Potential transplant associated factors that may lead to changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota and cause infections

Risk factors	Microbiota changes	Consequences	Interventions
Dietary patterns	Increase in bacteria translocation	Gastrointestinal upset e.g., diarrhea	Diet
Changes to colonic and bowel transit time	Increase in metabolic endotoxemia	Urinary tract infections	Prebiotics
Immunosuppression	Increase in gut-derived microbial toxin formation	Other infections not yet explored	Probiotics
Antibiotics			Synbiotics
Lifestyle (sedentary, smoking, alcohol)