Table 4.
Overview bivariate analysis results (1): Mann-Whitney U test: differences between (dichotomous) groups for the General Health Questionnaire (N = 1781)
| GHQ Mean (SD) | Mann-Whitney U | Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 230,410 | −6.909 | <.001 | |
| Woman | 15.44 (6.80) | |||
| Men | 13.04 (6.55) | |||
| Having children | 258,587 | −9.364 | <.001 | |
| Yes | 12.89 (6.58) | |||
| No | 15.84 (6.72) | |||
| Living area | 356,404 | −2.909 | <.05 | |
| Rural | 14.44 (6.71) | |||
| Urban | 15.41 (6.92) | |||
| Informal caregiver | 123,306 | −1.704 | .088 | |
| Yes | 15.65 (6.90) | |||
| No | 14.77 (6.80) | |||
| Receiving care | 81,136 | −1.779 | .075 | |
| Yes | 16.14 (7.40) | |||
| No | 14.77 (6.77) | |||
| Living space | 91,852.5 | −4.06 | <.001 | |
| Balcony/garden | 14.62 (6.67) | |||
| No balcony/garden | 17.50 (7.9) |
Higher scores in GHQ means lower mental health