Table 5.
Overview bivariate analysis results (2): Kruskal–Wallis test: differences between (categorical) groups for the General Health Questionnaire followed by Mann–Whitney U (N = 1781)
| GHQ Mean (Range; SD) |
GHQ Median (inter quartile) | P-value Kruskal– Wallis | P-value Mann-Whitney Ua | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marital status | <.001 | |||
| 1.Married | 12.54 (0–36; 6.18) | 11 (9) | .033 between 1 and 2 | |
| 2.Divorced | 14.74 (3–32; 7.08) | 15 (11) | <.001 between 1 and 3 | |
| 3.Alone | 16.56 (1–36; 6.79) | 16 (10) | <.001 between 1 and 5 | |
| 4.Widow | 12.91 (1–23; 5.61) | 13 (7) | <.001 between 1 and 6 | |
| 5.Living together | 14.17 (0–36; 6.73) | 13 (10) | .019 between 3 and 4 | |
| 6.Other | 16.07 (2–35; 6.81) | 16 (10) | <.001 between 3 and 5 | |
| .001 between 5 and 6 | ||||
| Educational level | .156 | |||
| Primary education | 12.3 (4–20; 5.74) | 10.50 (11) | ||
| Secondary education | 15.44 (1–35; 7.17) | 14.50 (11) | ||
| Higher education | 14.69 (0–36; 6.71) | 14 (10) | ||
| Employment status | <.001 | |||
| 1.Student | 16.67 (1–36; 6.80) | 16 (9) | <.001 between 1 and 2 | |
| 2.Employed | 13.16 (0–34; 6.25) | 12 (9) | <.001 between 1 and 3 | |
| 3.Not employed | 13.78 (1–36; 6.90) | 12 (9) | ||
| Living condition | <.001 | |||
| 1.Alone | 15.19 (2–35; 7.30) | 14 (11) | .002 between 1 and 3 | |
| 2.Alone with children | 14.29 (1–29; 6.97) | 15 (10) | .001 between 1 and 4 | |
| 3.Living together without children | 13.09 (0–36; 6.23) | 12 (9) | .025 between 1 and 5 | |
| 4.Living together with children | 12.83 (0–36; 6.47) | 11.5 (9) | .001 between 1 and 7 | |
| 5.Living in with parent(s),family | 16.36 (1–36; 6.50) | 16 (10) | .004 between 2 and 7 | |
| 6.Room alone | 19.27 (5–36; 8.37) | 21 (12) | <.001 between 3 and 5 | |
| 7.Room together | 19.34 (3–35; 8.01) | 22 (13) | .003 between 3 and 6 | |
| 8.Other | 14.88 (3–34; 7.96) | 13 (11) | <.001 between 3 and 7 | |
| <.001 between 4 and 5 | ||||
| .002 between 4 and 6 | ||||
| <.001 between 4 and 7 | ||||
| .005 between 5 and 7 | ||||
| .025 between 7 and 8 | ||||
| Region | .545 | |||
| Flanders | 14.88 (0–36; 6.80) | 14 (11) | ||
| Wallonia | 14.81 (3–34; 7.53) | 14 (11) | ||
| Brussels | 13.68 (2–32; 6.95) | 12 (10) | ||
| Working situation | .504 | |||
| Working from home | 13.36 (0–33; 6.44) | 13 (10) | ||
| Work as usual | 12.92 (4–30; 5.46) | 11 (8) | ||
| Technically unemployed | 14.74 (4–34; 7.54) | 13 (10) | ||
| Other | 14.28 (0–36; 7.58) | 13 (8) | ||
| Health condition | <.001 | |||
| 1.Healthy | 14.63 (0–36; 6.66) | 14 (10) | .011 between 1 and 2 | |
| 2.Acute ill | 17.02 (2–31; 6.99) | 16 (11) | .001 between 1 and 4 | |
| 3.Chronically ill | 15.06 (3–36; 7.09) | 14 (10) | .042 between 2 and 3 | |
| 4.Mentally ill | 20.23 (2–36; 9.17) | 20.50 (11) | .003 between 3 and 4 |
To increase the interpretability, means as well as medians were displayed in this table. Higher scores in GHQ indicate lower mental health. aThe numbers in the last column correspond with the groups described in column 1