Table 3.

Summary results for stratified analyses of pooled adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure associated with use of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors

Subgroup	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)*	I2 (%)
MACE
Main analysis	0.76 (0.69 to 0.84)	47
Age (years):
≥70	0.75 (0.67 to 0.85)	19
<70	0.77 (0.69 to 0.87)	33
Sex:
Women	0.65 (0.58 to 0.72)	2
Men	0.81 (0.72 to 0.91)	39
History of cardiovascular disease†:
Yes	0.71 (0.59 to 0.86)	67
No	0.78 (0.69 to 0.88)	40
Previous insulin use‡:
Yes	0.75 (0.66 to 0.86)	32
No	0.76 (0.68 to 0.86)	38
SGLT2 inhibitor molecule:
Canagliflozin	0.79 (0.66 to 0.94)	67
Dapagliflozin	0.73 (0.63 to 0.85)	32
Empagliflozin	0.77 (0.68 to 0.87)	1
Heart failure
Main analysis	0.43 (0.37 to 0.51)	43
Age (years):
≥70	0.46 (0.36 to 0.61)	53
<70	0.39 (0.30 to 0.50)	49
Sex:
Women	0.42 (0.35 to 0.49)	0
Men	0.50 (0.39 to 0.65)	62
History of heart failure§:
Yes	0.44 (0.35 to 0.55)	33
No	0.47 (0.41 to 0.53)	0
Past insulin use‡:
Yes	0.45 (0.39 to 0.52)	1
No	0.47 (0.40 to 0.55)	9
SGLT2 inhibitor molecule:
Canagliflozin	0.41 (0.32 to 0.52)	42
Dapagliflozin	0.44 (0.36 to 0.54)	0
Empagliflozin	0.52 (0.43 to 0.65)	4

Nova Scotia had zero events in one of the treatment groups and thus was not included in the cardiovascular disease (yes) analysis for MACE or in the age (≥70 years), sex, history of heart failure, and SGLT2 inhibitor molecule analyses for heart failure.

^*Adjusted for age (continuous), sex, diabetes duration (continuous), and 10ths of time conditional propensity score.

^†Coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or cerebrovascular disease in the past three years.

^‡Prescription for insulin in past year.

^§Two outpatient codes or one inpatient code in the past three years.