Table 2. Associations between the Pace of aging, measures of sensory-motor functional capacity, and perceptions of aging.
On the left side of this table are associations from the main text from linear regression models that were adjusted for sex. On the right side of the table are sensitivity analyses in which the models also adjusted for age-45 BMI and smoking. On the right are the results from models that are adjusted for sex in which all Study members who had a diagnosis of cancer, diabetes, or heart attack by age 45 were excluded (N=58). The outcome variables are grouped into modalities labelled in bold. All statistically significant (two-sided) associations in this table remain statistically significant after false-discovery rate correction for the 38 tests presented in Table 1 and Table 2.
| Sensory-motor functional capacity and perceptions of aging | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for sex | Adjusted for sex, BMI, and smoking | Without cancer, diabetes, or heart attack | |||||||
| N | β (95% CI) | P | N | β (95% CI) | P | N | β (95% CI) | P | |
| Sensory-motor capacity | |||||||||
| Gait speed | 903 | −0.33 (−0.39 to −0.27) | <.001 | 901 | −0.19 (−0.27 to −0.10) | <.001 | 848 | −0.33 (−0.40 to −0.27) | < 0.001 |
| One-legged balance | 909 | −0.36 (−0.42 to −0.30) | <.001 | 905 | −0.26 (−0.34 to −0.17) | <.001 | 853 | −0.35 (−0.42 to −0.29) | < 0.001 |
| Chair stands | 872 | −0.30 (−0.37 to −0.24) | <.001 | 871 | −0.25 (−0.34 to −0.16) | <.001 | 820 | −0.30 (−0.38 to −0.24) | < 0.001 |
| Step in place | 885 | −0.28 (−0.34 to −0.22) | <.001 | 884 | −0.21 (−0.30 to −0.12) | <.001 | 832 | −0.28 (−0.36 to −0.22) | < 0.001 |
| Grip strength | 919 | −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.01) | .017 | 913 | −0.10 (−0.15 to −0.04) | <.001 | 863 | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.01) | 0.110 |
| Grooved pegboard | 901 | −0.27 (−0.33 to −0.20) | <.001 | 897 | −0.21 (−0.29 to −0.12) | <.001 | 845 | −0.27 (−0.34 to −0.21) | < 0.001 |
| Contrast sensitivity | 903 | −0.13 (−0.19 to −0.06) | <.001 | 899 | −0.10 (−0.19 to −0.01) | .036 | 847 | −0.11 (−0.18 to −0.04) | 0.002 |
| Audiometry: HF-PTA | 900 | 0.17 (0.10 to 0.23) | <.001 | 897 | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.23) | .003 | 845 | 0.19 (0.13 to 0.26) | < 0.001 |
| Audiometry: 4F-PTA | 901 | 0.20 (0.14 to 0.26) | <.001 | 897 | 0.14 (0.05 to 0.23) | .003 | 846 | 0.14 (0.07 to 0.21) | < 0.001 |
| LiSN-S Low cue | 901 | −0.17 (−0.23 to −0.10) | <.001 | 897 | −0.10 (−0.19 to −0.01) | .026 | 845 | −0.17 (−0.24 to −0.10) | < 0.001 |
| LiSN-S Spatial advantage | 901 | 0.22 (0.15 to 0.28) | <.001 | 897 | 0.18 (0.09 to 0.27) | <.001 | 845 | 0.21 (0.14 to 0.21) | < 0.001 |
| Physical limitations (SF-36) | 921 | 0.29 (0.23 to 0.35) | <.001 | 913 | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.19) | .012 | 864 | 0.29 (0.23 to 0.36) | < 0.001 |
| Perceptions of aging | |||||||||
| Self-reported aging attitudes | 920 | −0.22 (−0.28 to −0.16) | <.001 | 911 | −0.25 (−0.34 to −0.16) | <.001 | 863 | −0.21 (−0.28 to −0.14) | < 0.001 |
| Self-reported health | 927 | −0.35 (−0.41 to −0.29) | <.001 | 916 | −0.27 (−0.36 to −0.19) | <.001 | 870 | −0.34 (−0.42 to −0.29) | < 0.001 |
| Self-reported perceived age | 892 | 0.09 (0.03 to 0.16) | .005 | 888 | 0.11 (0.01 to 0.20) | .024 | 838 | 0.08 (0.02 to 0.16) | 0.018 |
| Informant-reported health | 881 | −0.38 (−0.45 to −0.32) | <.001 | 875 | −0.30 (−0.38 to −0.21) | <.001 | 827 | −0.36 (−0.44 to −0.31) | < 0.001 |
| Researcher-reported health | 930 | −0.58 (−0.62 to −0.52) | <.001 | 916 | −0.45 (−0.51 to −0.37) | <.001 | 873 | −0.56 (−0.62 to −0.51) | < 0.001 |
| Informant-reported age appearance | 881 | 0.35 (0.29 to 0.41) | <.001 | 875 | 0.34 (0.25 to 0.43) | <.001 | 827 | 0.34 (0.29 to 0.42) | < 0.001 |
| Researcher-reported age appearance | 930 | 0.44 (0.38 to 0.49) | <.001 | 916 | 0.40 (0.31 to 0.47) | <.001 | 873 | 0.43 (0.37 to 0.50) | < 0.001 |
| Self-reported age appearance | 894 | 0.10 (0.03 to 0.16) | .003 | 891 | 0.11 (0.02 to 0.21) | .015 | 838 | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.15) | 0.029 |
| Facial age | 905 | 0.33 (0.26 to 0.39) | <.001 | 901 | 0.30 (0.22 to 0.39) | <.001 | 850 | 0.33 (0.28 to 0.41) | < 0.001 |
| Perceived Longevity | 908 | −0.27 (−0.33 to −0.20) | <.001 | 902 | −0.20 (−0.28 to 0.11) | <.001 | 852 | −0.26 (−0.32 to −0.19) | < 0.001 |