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(A) Effect of L-carnitine (LC) on the expression of profibrotic cytokines in H2O2-treated HK-2 cells. Immunoblotting and quantitative analyses of (B) transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), (C) connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF), and (D) α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). CON, control; LC, L-carnitine. ap < 0.001 vs. control, bp < 0.05 vs. H2O2.
