Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of variables that may have contributed to a missed TB diagnosis
| Variable | Unadjusted |
Adjusted |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p value | OR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Old age | 1.027 | 1.012–1.042 | < 0.001 | 1.030 | 1.012–1.048 | 0.001 |
| Male sex | 0.990 | 0.578–1.696 | 0.970 | 0.882 | 0.445–1.711 | 0.882 |
| Body mass index | 1.109 | 1.014–1.213 | 0.023 | 1.114 | 1.004–1.237 | 0.042 |
| Underlying disease | ||||||
| Immunocompromised | 1.952 | 1.056–3.609 | 0.033 | 1.258 | 0.600–2.637 | 0.544 |
| Hypertension | 1.226 | 0.670–2.243 | 0.509 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.514 | 0.746–3.073 | 0.251 | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.575 | 0.448–5.542 | 0.479 | |||
| Respiratory disease | 3.115 | 0.833–11.647 | 0.091 | |||
| Smoking history | 1.094 | 0.643–1.860 | 0.741 | |||
| Prior history of TB treatment | 1.289 | 0.584–2.845 | 0.529 | |||
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Without sputum | 4.77 | 0.236–0.964 | 0.039 | 0.605 | 0.263–1.392 | 0.237 |
| Radiographic findings | ||||||
| Without cavitary lesion | 2.658 | 1.253–5.638 | 0.011 | 1.747 | 0.716–4.260 | 0.220 |
| Without consolidation | 1.433 | 0.828–2.481 | 0.198 | |||
| Without nodules/mass | 1.594 | 0.789–3.222 | 0.194 | |||
| Without pleural effusion | 1.137 | 0.070–18.415 | 0.928 | |||
| Non-predominant upper lung field | 1.432 | 0.842–2.438 | 0.185 | |||
| PCR, negative or not done | 7.766 | 4.247–14.198 | < 0.001 | 9.551 | 4.925–18.521 | < 0.001 |
| IGRA, negative or not done | 1.782 | 0.993–3.199 | 0.053 | |||
TB, tuberculosis; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; IGRA, interferon-gamma release assay.