Table 3.
Logistic regression analyses predicting general health outcomes and access to healthcare by childhood adversity (financial strain/conflict) with adult socioeconomic disadvantage as the mediating variable (khb method)
| Total | Direct | Indirect | Mediated % | ||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| One or more hampering physical health problems (out of 11 health problems) | |||||||
| Childhood adversity | |||||||
| Strain (−), conflict (−) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Strain (+), conflict (−) | 1.83 | 1.63 to 2.06 | 1.73 | 1.54 to 1.95 | 1.06 | 1.04 to 1.08 | 9.5 |
| Strain (−), conflict (+) | 1.69 | 1.46 to 1.95 | 1.67 | 1.44 to 1.92 | 1.02 | 0.997 to 1.03 | |
| Strain (+), conflict (+) | 2.09 | 1.77 to 2.47 | 1.97 | 1.66 to 2.33 | 1.06 | 1.04 to 1.08 | 8.0 |
| Cancer | |||||||
| Childhood adversity | |||||||
| Strain (−), conflict (−) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Strain (+), conflict (−) | 1.20 | 0.94 to 1.52 | 1.12 | 0.88 to 1.42 | 1.07 | 1.02 to 1.12 | |
| Strain (−), conflict (+) | 1.22 | 0.84 to 1.76 | 1.20 | 0.83 to 1.73 | 1.02 | .99 to 1.04 | |
| Strain (+), conflict (+) | 1.50 | 1.03 to 2.17 | 1.40 | 0.96 to 2.04 | 1.07 | 1.03 to 1.12 | 17.5 |
| Obesity | |||||||
| Childhood adversity | |||||||
| Strain (−), conflict (−) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Strain (+), conflict (−) | 1.19 | 1.02 to 1.38 | 1.09 | 0.93 to 1.26 | 1.09 | 1.06 to 1.13 | 52.5 |
| Strain (−), conflict (+) | 0.99 | 0.81 to 1.22 | 0.97 | 0.79 to 1.19 | 1.02 | 0.995 to 1.05 | |
| Strain (+), conflict (+) | 1.55 | 1.26 to 1.90 | 1.41 | 1.15 to 1.74 | 1.09 | 1.06 to 1.13 | 20.5 |
| Self-rated health—rated bad or very bad | |||||||
| Childhood adversity | |||||||
| Strain (−), conflict (−) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Strain (+), conflict (−) | 1.76 | 1.48 to 2.10 | 1.44 | 1.21 to 1.72 | 1.22 | 1.14 to 1.31 | 35.7 |
| Strain (−), conflict (+) | 2.65 | 2.06 to 3.41 | 2.52 | 1.96 to 3.24 | 1.05 | 0.99 to 1.12 | |
| Strain (+), conflict (+) | 3.18 | 2.49 to 4.05 | 2.58 | 2.02 to 3.29 | 1.23 | 1.15 to 1.32 | 18.1 |
| Unable to get needed medical consultation or treatment within the past 12 months | |||||||
| Childhood adversity | |||||||
| Strain (−), conflict (−) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Strain (+), conflict (−) | 1.86 | 1.59 to 2.18 | 1.80 | 1.54 to 2.11 | 1.03 | 1.01 to 1.06 | 5.4 |
| Strain (−), conflict (+) | 2.06 | 1.73 to 2.45 | 2.05 | 1.72 to 2.45 | 1.01 | 0.997 to 1.02 | |
| Strain (+), conflict (+) | 2.33 | 1.91 to 2.84 | 2.25 | 1.84 to 2.75 | 1.03 | 1.01 to 1.06 | 4.1 |
Note on the khb method: the total effect is the association between the predictor and outcome (not adjusted for the mediator), the direct effect is the association between the predictor and outcome (adjusted for the mediator), and the indirect effect is the difference between the two in terms of log odds. The mediated percentage is the proportion of the total effect that can be explained by the mediator (indirect effect/total effect).
Results in bold are statistically significant (p<0.05). All models adjusted for age, gender, parental occupation and education and country. Mediated percentage provided only in presence of significant total effect (p<0.05).
khb, Karlson Holm Breen.