Table 5.

Logistic regression analyses predicting mental health outcomes by childhood adversity (financial strain/conflict) with adult socioeconomic disadvantage as the mediating variable (khb method)

	Total		Direct		Indirect		Mediated %
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
	Depression
Childhood adversity
Strain (–), conflict (–)	1		1		1
Strain (+), conflict (–)	2.04	1.78 to 2.34	1.65	1.44 to 1.89	1.24	1.16 to 1.32	29.8
Strain (–), conflict (+)	2.70	2.30 to 3.18	2.56	2.17 to 3.01	1.06	0.99 to 1.13
Strain (+), conflict (+)	3.39	2.82 to 4.07	2.72	2.27 to 3.27	1.25	1.17 to 1.33	18.0
	Dissatisfied with life—lowest three life satisfaction categories
Childhood adversity
Strain (–), conflict (–)	1		1		1
Strain (+), conflict (–)	1.53	1.21 to 1.95	1.15	0.90 to 1.46	1.33	1.21 to 1.47	67.5
Strain (–), conflict (+)	1.75	1.21 to 2.54	1.63	1.12 to 2.36	1.08	0.99 to 1.18
Strain (+), conflict (+)	2.91	2.16 to 3.92	2.16	1.60 to 2.91	1.35	1.22 to 1.48	27.9
	Unhappy—lowest three happiness categories
Childhood adversity
Strain (–), conflict (–)	1		1		1
Strain (+), conflict (–)	2.27	1.66 to 3.10	1.60	1.17 to 2.19	1.42	1.26 to 1.60	42.7
Strain (–), conflict (+)	2.82	1.83 to 4.35	2.58	1.67 to 3.98	1.09	0.98 to 1.21
Strain (+), conflict (+)	4.31	3.03 to 6.11	3.00	2.11 to 4.26	1.44	1.27 to 1.62	24.8
	Lonely—most/all of the time within past week
Childhood adversity
Strain (–), conflict (–)	1		1		1
Strain (+), conflict (–)	2.10	1.73 to 2.54	1.69	1.39 to 2.05	1.24	1.16 to 1.34	29.4
Strain (–), conflict (+)	2.62	2.02 to 3.38	2.47	1.91 to 3.20	1.06	0.99 to 1.13
Strain (+), conflict (+)	3.28	2.57 to 4.19	2.62	2.05 to 3.34	1.25	1.17 to 1.35	19.1
	Feeling unsafe in local area—unsafe/very unsafe
Childhood adversity
Strain (–), conflict (–)	1		1		1
Strain (+), conflict (–)	1.49	1.290 to 1.73	1.29	1.11 to 1.50	1.16	1.10 to 1.21	36.4
Strain (–), conflict (+)	1.37	1.14 to 1.64	1.32	1.10 to 1.58	1.04	0.99 to 1.08
Strain (+), conflict (+)	1.56	1.28 to 1.89	1.34	1.11 to 1.66	1.16	1.11 to 1.22	33.7

Note on the khb method: the total effect is the association between the predictor and outcome (not adjusted for the mediator), the direct effect is the association between the predictor and outcome (adjusted for the mediator) and the indirect effect is the difference between the two in terms of log odds. The mediated percentage is the proportion of the total effect that can be explained by the mediator (indirect effect/total effect).

Results in bold are statistically significant (p<0.05). All models adjusted for age, gender, parental occupation and education and country. Mediation analysis was only performed when the total effect was significant.

khb, Karlson Holm Breen.