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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2021 Mar;73(3):952–967. doi: 10.1002/hep.31321

Figure 4. Activation of sphingosine kinase and metabolism of sphingolipids in ALD.

Figure 4

(A) Real-time PCR analysis of the expression of sphingosine kinase in the colon, small intestine and liver.

(B) Levels of S1P, DHS1P and acyl-chain ceramides in the liver.

(C) Levels of sphingosine, sphinganine, acyl-chain ceramides and sphingomyelin in the gut.

(D) Levels of acyl-chain ceramides and sphingomyelin in the serum of moderate, severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) patients or healthy donors (normal liver). n=13

(E) Immunohistochemistry staining analysis of SK1 expression in the liver of AH patients and healthy control.

(F) Levels of pStat3 were evaluated using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence in the colon of mice.

Data from mice are presented as Mean ± SEM. n=8 * P<0.05; ** P<0.01