Table 1. Guide for focus group discussions and interviews.

Focus group discussion guide: mothers

1. What kind of activities does your husband/partner do with the child? 2. What prevents him from being more involved in activities with the child? 3. How would you feel about getting him more involved in activities with the child? 4. How would you go about getting him more involved in activities with the child? 5. What would the neighbors/other community members think/say if he is more involved?

Focus group discussion guide: fathers

1. What are responsibilities of fathers regarding childcare? 2. What kind of activities do you do with your child? 3. How do you support your wife/partner in raising your children? 4. What activities would you like to do more with your child? 5. If you wanted to be more involved in child care, what prevents you from doing so? 6. What would the other fathers think if they saw another father being involved in child care activities more than usual?

Interview guide: key informants

1. What do people think are the responsibilities of the fathers regarding child care? 2. What prevents fathers from being more involved in activities with the child? 3. What would the neighbors/community members say if they see fathers getting more involved in activities with the child?