Table 2.

Average Marginal Effects on Probability of Bachelor’s Degree Completion within Six Years of Entry.

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6
Type of disability [ref. none]
Mental	−0.178***a	−0.166***a	−0.090*	−0.150***a	−0.118**a	−0.056
	(0.041)	(0.040)	(0.039)	(0.035)	(0.040)	(0.034)
Physical	−0.049	−0.048	−0.020	−0.049	−0.027	−0.019
	(0.040)	(0.038)	(0.035)	(0.036)	(0.034)	(0.032)
Background characteristics
Female	0.102***	0.085***	0.029*	0.079***	0.066***	0.026*
Race/ethnicity [ref. White]	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.011)
Black	−0.147***	−0.067**	−0.043*	−0.094***	−0.068***	−0.067***
	(0.022)	(0.023)	(0.021)	(0.022)	(0.021)	(0.020)
Hispanic	−0.137***	−0.103***	−0.086***	−0.080***	−0.095***	−0.065**
	(0.022)	(0.022)	(0.021)	(0.022)	(0.020)	(0.020)
Other	−0.020	−0.025	−0.012	−0.012	−0.026	−0.006
	(0.024)	(0.022)	(0.021)	(0.022)	(0.020)	(0.019)
Parental education above a bachelor’s degree	0.081***	0.054***	0.044***	0.031*	0.049***	0.028*
	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.012)	(0.012)
Parental logged income	0.036***	0.029***	0.018*	0.025**	0.030***	0.018**
Initial enrollment risk factors	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.007)	(0.006)
Delayed enrollment	−0.084**	−0.063*	−0.075**	−0.030	−0.060*	−0.039
	(0.031)	(0.030)	(0.027)	(0.029)	(0.030)	(0.024)
Initially enrolled part time	−0.210***	−0.180***	−0.118***	−0.138***	−0.070*	−0.031
	(0.028)	(0.026)	(0.028)	(0.026)	(0.028)	(0.029)
Financially independent	−0.067	−0.083	−0.090	−0.039	−0.054	−0.035
	(0.061)	(0.059)	(0.048)	(0.058)	(0.049)	(0.040)
Had a job	−0.138***	−0.121***	−0.083**	−0.088**	−0.094***	−0.046
	(0.030)	(0.028)	(0.025)	(0.028)	(0.024)	(0.024)
Institutional selectivity [ref. highly selective]
Moderately selective	−0.130***	−0.055***	−0.053***	−0.046**	−0.045**	−0.039**
	(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.014)
Minimally selective	−0.287***	−0.179***	−0.182***	−0.151***	−0.142***	−0.133***
	(0.022)	(0.023)	(0.021)	(0.022)	(0.021)	(0.019)
Not selective	−0.309***	−0.180***	−0.215***	−0.136***	−0.162***	−0.159***
	(0.028)	(0.030)	(0.028)	(0.029)	(0.027)	(0.025)
Used academic accommodations	0.064	0.096*	0.078	0.072	0.078	0.046
	(0.053)	(0.049)	(0.047)	(0.046)	(0.045)	(0.044)
Academic preparation
High school GPA		0.142***	0.064***	0.125***	0.113***	0.053***
		(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.013)
Completed calculus in high school		0.039*	0.023	0.032*	0.024	0.011
		(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.014)
SAT (in 100s)		0.023***	0.004	0.017***	0.017***	0.000
Educational expectations [ref. Bachelor’s]		(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.004)
Graduate degree		0.068***	0.050***	0.122***	0.064***	0.080***
		(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.014)
Professional degree		0.050**	0.017	0.140***	0.052**	0.075***
Postsecondary mechanisms		(0.018)	(0.016)	(0.019)	(0.016)	(0.017)
First-year academic performance
GPA			0.171***			0.125***
			(0.010)			(0.0102)
Ever failed			−0.075***			−0.060***
			(0.017)			(0.016)
Ever withdrew			−0.047***			−0.026*
First-year integration			(0.0137)			(0.013)
Social integration scale				0.0230**		0.012*
				(0.007)		(0.006)
Academic integration scale				0.006		0.002
				(0.007)		(0.006)
Lowered educational expectations				−0.167***		−0.091***
				(0.014)		(0.013)
Lived on campus				0.111***		0.082***
Disrupted enrollment patterns (first two years)				(0.013)		(0.012)
Ever enrolled part time					−0.054***	−0.036*
					(0.016)	(0.016)
Ever stopped out					−0.286***	−0.241***
Type of transfer [ref. none]					(0.012)	(0.012)
Horizontal					−0.081***	−0.073***
					(0.016)	(0.016)
Downward					−0.256***	−0.151***
					(0.022)	(0.021)
Log-Likelihood	−815,722	−781,407	−694,378	−748,293	−680,765	−607,742

Note. N = 7,570. Models also include controls for “other” health designation. GPA = grade point average. All the p values are based on two-tailed tests.

^aThe estimated effect of mental disability is significantly different from the estimated effect of physical disability (p < .05).

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.