Table 3:

Decomposition of Gini Coefficient (Tax and In-Kind Benefits) by State Policy Cluster and Welfare Era: 1968-2016 March Current Population Survey

	Family Structure and Demographics Adjusted Estimates
	Welfare Expansion 1968-1980	AFDC Reform Era I 1981-1987	AFDC Reform Era II 1988- 1995	PWORA Era Pre- Recession 1996- 2007	PWORA Era Post- Recession 2008- 2016
Components of Gini Decomposition Share of Income from Tax and In-kind Benefits (Sk)
Minimal	7.4%	12.0%	14.0%	15.7%	22.7%
Limited	6.5%	7.4%	9.5%	11.5%	18.8%
Conservative	4.3%	5.6%	7.9%	8.9%	16.4%
Generous	4.8%	6.3%	8.9%	11.9%	19.2%
Integrated	4.4%	4.9%	6.3%	6.9%	13.5%
Gini Coefficient for Tax and In-kind Benefits (Gk)
Minimal	0.81	0.81	0.76	0.72	0.65
Limited	0.80	0.82	0.79	0.75	0.69
Conservative	0.78	0.81	0.80	0.79	0.71
Generous	0.80	0.84	0.80	0.76	0.68
Integrated	0.79	0.84	0.84	0.82	0.74
Correlation Coefficient for Tax and In-kind Benefits and Total Income (Rk)
Minimal	0.22	0.22	0.10	0.05	0.20
Limited	0.16	0.03	−0.01	−0.05	0.12
Conservative	0.11	−0.08	−0.07	−0.12	0.09
Generous	0.06	−0.11	−0.08	−0.05	0.13
Integrated	0.09	−0.20	−0.18	−0.18	0.01
Estimated Impact of Tax and In-kind Benefits on Total Inequality
Proportionate Contribution to Total Inequality
Minimal	4.3%	6.7%	3.5%	2.0%	9.9%
Limited	2.8%	0.5%	−0.3%	−1.4%	5.2%
Conservative	1.4%	−1.3%	−1.7%	−3.2%	3.8%
Generous	0.8%	−1.8%	−1.9%	−1.4%	5.6%
Integrated	1.1%	−2.9%	−3.4%	−3.5%	4.2%
Elasticity
Minimal	−0.031	−0.052	−0.104	−0.137	−0.128
Limited	−0.037	−0.069	−0.098	−0.129	−0.136
Conservative	−0.029	−0.070	−0.097	−0.121	−0.126
Generous	−0.040	−0.081	−0.108	−0.133	−0.136
Integrated	−0.033	−0.078	−0.097	−0.103	−0.130