Appendix Table 2A:
Decomposition of Gini Coefficient (Welfare Income) by State Policy Cluster and Welfare Era: 1968-2016 March Current Population Survey
| Unadjusted
Estimates |
Family Structure
Adjusted Estimates |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Welfare Expansion 1968-1980 |
AFDC Reform Era I 1981-1987 |
AFDC Reform Era II 1981-1995 |
PWORA Era Pre- Recession 1996-2007 |
PWORA Era Post- Recession 2008-2016 |
Welfare Expansion 1968-1980 |
AFDC Reform Era I 1981-1987 |
AFDC Reform Era II 1981-1995 |
PWORA Era Pre- Recession 1996-2007 |
PWORA Era Post- Recession 2008-2016 |
|
| Components of Gini Decomposition | ||||||||||
| Share of Income from Welfare Income (Sk) | ||||||||||
| Minimal | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| Limited | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Conservative | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Generous | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.7% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 0.4% |
| Integrated | 1.1% | 1.4% | 1.1% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Gini Coefficient for Welfare Income (Gk) | ||||||||||
| Minimal | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.98 |
| Limited | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Conservative | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Generous | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| Integrated | 0.95 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Correlation Coefficient for Welfare Income and Total Income (Rk) | ||||||||||
| Minimal | −0.27 | −0.13 | −0.22 | −0.29 | −0.29 | −0.28 | −0.15 | −0.24 | −0.29 | −0.32 |
| Limited | −0.30 | −0.24 | −0.27 | −0.26 | −0.26 | −0.29 | −0.25 | −0.30 | −0.28 | −0.26 |
| Conservative | −0.40 | −0.38 | −0.36 | −0.34 | −0.26 | −0.36 | −0.33 | −0.32 | −0.30 | −0.23 |
| Generous | −0.44 | −0.43 | −0.40 | −0.34 | −0.26 | −0.43 | −0.39 | −0.36 | −0.32 | −0.24 |
| Integrated | −0.45 | −0.48 | −0.44 | −0.38 | −0.32 | −0.44 | −0.46 | −0.41 | −0.38 | −0.31 |
| Estimated Impact of Welfare Income on Total Inequality | ||||||||||
| Proportionate Contribution to Total Inequality | ||||||||||
| Minimal | 0.7% | −0.3% | −0.6% | −0.5% | −0.4% | −0.6% | −0.3% | −0.5% | −0.4% | −0.3% |
| Limited | −0.8% | −0.6% | −0.7% | −0.4% | −0.3% | −0.6% | −0.4% | −0.5% | −0.3% | −0.2% |
| Conservative | −0.9% | −0.9% | −0.8% | −0.4% | −0.3% | −0.6% | −0.5% | −0.5% | −0.3% | −0.2% |
| Generous | −2.5% | −2.3% | −1.9% | −0.8% | −0.4% | −1.9% | −1.5% | −1.2% | −0.5% | −0.3% |
| Integrated | −1.7% | −1.9% | −1.5% | −0.6% | −0.4% | −1.3% | −1.2% | −0.8% | −0.4% | −0.3% |
| Elasticity | ||||||||||
| Minimal | −0.015 | −0.011 | −0.015 | −0.011 | −0.009 | −0.013 | −0.008 | −0.011 | −0.008 | −0.007 |
| Limited | −0.016 | −0.014 | −0.015 | −0.009 | −0.007 | −0.013 | −0.009 | −0.010 | −0.006 | −0.005 |
| Conservative | −0.015 | −0.017 | −0.016 | −0.008 | −0.007 | −0.011 | −0.010 | −0.009 | −0.005 | −0.004 |
| Generous | −0.042 | −0.042 | −0.036 | −0.017 | −0.010 | −0.033 | −0.027 | −0.022 | −0.010 | −0.006 |
| Integrated | −0.028 | −0.033 | −0.026 | −0.011 | −0.008 | −0.021 | −0.019 | −0.014 | −0.007 | −0.005 |