Table 1.

Instruments and the age groups used in this study.

Instrument	Measurement	Adults (18 years old or older)	Refugee Children	Immigrant Children
Demographic Questionnaire	Self-report of sociodemographic information, including age, marital status, religion, country and city of origin, occupation, education status, perception of current health and perceived hardship experienced, medication use, current medical and psychiatric diagnoses, and substance use	×	×	×
Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25)	25-item validated measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The total score has been shown to be highly correlated with severe emotional distress within refugee populations [78].	×
Life Events Checklist (LEC)	Self-report measure in which participants indicate traumatic events they have experienced, witnessed, encountered due to work, or learned about; consists of 16 events commonly known to result in the presentation of PTSD symptomatology [79].	×	×	×
McArthur Ladder	Pictorial representation of a ladder upon which participant designates perceived standing economically and socially within his/her community; shown to indicate social and socioeconomic status [80].	×
Modified Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ)	Measure specifically tailored toward refugee experiences in which participants indicate verbally whether they have experienced certain traumatic events and expand upon the worst events that have happened to them (Part I and II) [81]; modified for our population.		×	×
Modified Living Difficulties Questionnaire (LDQ)	Self-report measure in which participants indicate how much of a problem they perceive certain post-migration living difficulties to be in their lives [82]; modified to be more appropriate for our population. Subscales include health services, finances, family, and housing.		×	×
Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ)	Series of phrases describing how frequently the participant may have felt or acted in a certain way within the last two weeks as a measure of depressive symptoms [83].		×	×
PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCL-C; DSM V)	Self-report, 20-item questionnaire assessing PTSD based on DSM criteria; civilian version uses wording and phrasing more appropriate for a civilian audience to screen for symptoms in a non-military population [84].	×
Perceived Residential Environment Quality Indicators and Neighborhood Attachment	Self-report measure of 11 scales measuring perceived quality of the participant’s living environment and one scale measuring participant’s attachment to his/her neighborhood [85].	×
Pubertal Development Scale	10 item self-reported questionnaire is a continuous measure of pubertal status [86].		×	×
Screen for Child and Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED)	41-item self-report inventory used to screen for signs of anxiety disorders in children; measures five domains: panic/somatic, separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, social phobia, and school avoidance [87].		×	×
Somatic Symptoms Scale (SSS-8)	Brief, 8-item scale assessing the somatic burden of common physical pains in the participant’s daily life, common in psychiatric illness [88].	×	×	×
UCLA Child/Adolescent PTSD Reaction Index	Self-report measure that assesses the child or adolescent’s trauma history as wed as potential diagnosis for PTSD based on DSM criteria [89].		×	×
US Household Food Security Survey Module	Self-report six item measure that assesses household food access and security [90].		×	×