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. 2021 Mar 26;16:2419–2441. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S303462

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© 2021 Kumar et al.

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Widely used strategies to formulate lignin hydrogel. (A) lignin-polymer blend hydrogel, (B) lignin-polymer crosslinking hydrogel, (C) nanoparticles of lignin and polymer blend hydrogel, and (D) lignin nanoparticles polymer crosslinking hydrogel. Reproduced with permission from Liu R, Dai L, Xu C, Wang K, Zheng C, Si C. Lignin‐based micro‐ and nanomaterials and their composites in biomedical applications. ChemSusChem. 2020;13(17):4266–4283. © 2020 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.ref.²