Table.
Characteristics of people with diabetes included in the cohort
| DPP-4 inhibitors (n=479 555) | GLP-1 receptor agonists (n=110 820) | Insulin (n=350 960) | Meglitinides (n=4440) | Metformin (n=1 800 005) | SGLT2 inhibitors (n=266 505) | Sulfonylureas (n=561 290) | Thiazolidinediones (n=60 085) | α-glucosidase inhibitors (n=1665) | Whole cohort (n=2 851 465) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | 279 500 (58·3%) | 57 250 (51·7%) | 191 170 (54·5%) | 2505 (56·4%) | 1 044 920 (58·1%) | 162 070 (60·8%) | 339 715 (60·5%) | 38 095 (63·4%) | 945 (56·8%) | 1 593 730 (55·9%) | |
| Female | 200 055 (41·7%) | 53 570 (48·3%) | 159 790 (45·5%) | 1935 (43·6%) | 755 085 (41·9%) | 104 435 (39·2%) | 221 575 (39·5%) | 21 990 (36·6%) | 720 (43·2%) | 1 257 735 (44·1%) | |
| Age, years | |||||||||||
| <40 | 7140 (1·5%) | 3630 (3·3%) | 8385 (2·4%) | 55 (1·2%) | 43 870 (2·4%) | 8770 (3·3%) | 9160 (1·6%) | 720 (1·2%) | 20 (1·2%) | 77 260 (2·7%) | |
| 40–44 | 10 560 (2·2%) | 4120 (3·7%) | 7710 (2·2%) | 90 (2·0%) | 54 105 (3·0%) | 11 345 (4·3%) | 13 290 (2·4%) | 1170 (1·9%) | 30 (1·8%) | 83 830 (2·9%) | |
| 45–49 | 21 505 (4·5%) | 8265 (7·5%) | 15 080 (4·3%) | 180 (4·1%) | 100 995 (5·6%) | 22 955 (8·6%) | 26 815 (4·8%) | 2610 (4·3%) | 50 (3·0%) | 148 230 (5·2%) | |
| 50–54 | 36 535 (7·6%) | 14 100 (12·7%) | 26 215 (7·5%) | 310 (7·0%) | 162 155 (9·0%) | 37 325 (14·0%) | 45 660 (8·1%) | 4740 (7·9%) | 85 (5·1%) | 231 885 (8·1%) | |
| 55–59 | 52 005 (10·8%) | 18 825 (17·0%) | 37 865 (10·8%) | 480 (10·8%) | 221 185 (12·3%) | 48 770 (18·3%) | 64 010 (11·4%) | 7185 (12·0%) | 140 (8·4%) | 310 740 (10·9%) | |
| 60–64 | 61 805 (12·9%) | 19 775 (17·8%) | 46 435 (13·2%) | 625 (14·1%) | 250 810 (13·9%) | 49 045 (18·4%) | 75 980 (13·5%) | 8860 (14·7%) | 205 (12·3%) | 353 870 (12·4%) | |
| 65–69 | 66 560 (13·9%) | 17 460 (15·8%) | 49 995 (14·2%) | 635 (14·3%) | 256 350 (14·2%) | 40 240 (15·1%) | 80 275 (14·3%) | 9490 (15·8%) | 235 (14·1%) | 373 030 (13·1%) | |
| 70–74 | 73 860 (15·4%) | 14 495 (13·1%) | 54 185 (15·4%) | 725 (16·3%) | 265 195 (14·7%) | 29 625 (11·1%) | 86 025 (15·3%) | 9850 (16·4%) | 245 (14·7%) | 410 275 (14·4%) | |
| 75–79 | 62 345 (13·0%) | 6990 (6·3%) | 44 720 (12·7%) | 600 (13·5%) | 203 020 (11·3%) | 13 060 (4·9%) | 69 440 (12·4%) | 7445 (12·4%) | 245 (14·7%) | 341 090 (12·0%) | |
| ≥80 | 87 240 (18·2%) | 3155 (2·8%) | 60 380 (17·2%) | 740 (16·7%) | 242 325 (13·5%) | 5360 (2·0%) | 90 630 (16·1%) | 8010 (13·3%) | 415 (24·9%) | 521 255 (18·3%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||||
| White | 314 015 (65·5%) | 84 525 (76·3%) | 249 615 (71·1%) | 2320 (52·3%) | 1 160 760 (64·5%) | 178 095 (66·8%) | 357 320 (63·7%) | 38 175 (63·5%) | 940 (56·5%) | 1 884 675 (66·1%) | |
| Asian | 75 275 (15·7%) | 8800 (7·9%) | 43 170 (12·3%) | 1205 (27·1%) | 288 450 (16·0%) | 40 600 (15·2%) | 96 625 (17·2%) | 11 080 (18·4%) | 390 (23·4%) | 399 540 (14·0%) | |
| Black | 22 730 (4·7%) | 3680 (3·3%) | 16 380 (4·7%) | 390 (8·8%) | 85 750 (4·8%) | 9650 (3·6%) | 28 330 (5·0%) | 2200 (3·7%) | 125 (7·5%) | 135 860 (4·8%) | |
| Mixed | 4800 (1·0%) | 1010 (0·9%) | 3500 (1·0%) | 60 (1·4%) | 19 700 (1·1%) | 2875 (1·1%) | 5945 (1·1%) | 550 (0·9%) | 20 (1·2%) | 30 480 (1·1%) | |
| Other | 8780 (1·8%) | 1835 (1·7%) | 6065 (1·7%) | 140 (3·2%) | 31 855 (1·8%) | 4965 (1·9%) | 11 415 (2·0%) | 1090 (1·8%) | 50 (3·0%) | 46 920 (1·6%) | |
| Unknown | 53 960 (11·3%) | 10 965 (9·9%) | 32 235 (9·2%) | 330 (7·4%) | 213 490 (11·9%) | 30 320 (11·4%) | 61 650 (11·0%) | 6990 (11·6%) | 135 (8·1%) | 353 990 (12·4%) | |
| Deprivation quintile | |||||||||||
| First (most deprived) | 120 530 (25·1%) | 30 145 (27·2%) | 92 890 (26·5%) | 1065 (24·0%) | 459 675 (25·5%) | 70 740 (26·5%) | 143 840 (25·6%) | 17 150 (28·5%) | 405 (24·3%) | 695 215 (24·4%) | |
| Second | 109 875 (22·9%) | 24 940 (22·5%) | 79 730 (22·7%) | 1265 (28·5%) | 410 585 (22·8%) | 59 475 (22·3%) | 130 730 (23·3%) | 13 265 (22·1%) | 450 (27·0%) | 636 065 (22·3%) | |
| Third | 96 405 (20·1%) | 21 820 (19·7%) | 68 800 (19·6%) | 775 (17·5%) | 355 830 (19·8%) | 52 145 (19·6%) | 110 850 (19·7%) | 11 425 (19·0%) | 355 (21·3%) | 570 380 (20·0%) | |
| Fourth | 83 805 (17·5%) | 18 905 (17·1%) | 59 990 (17·1%) | 715 (16·1%) | 311 140 (17·3%) | 45 890 (17·2%) | 95 460 (17·0%) | 9850 (16·4%) | 265 (15·9%) | 510 220 (17·9%) | |
| Fifth (least deprived) | 68 685 (14·3%) | 14 940 (13·5%) | 49 380 (14·1%) | 625 (14·1%) | 261 875 (14·5%) | 38 095 (14·3%) | 80 145 (14·3%) | 8360 (13·9%) | 185 (11·1%) | 438 095 (15·4%) | |
| Unknown | 255 (0·1%) | 75 (0·1%) | 175 (<0·1%) | 0 | 900 (<0·1%) | 160 (0·1%) | 270 (<0·1%) | 40 (0·1%) | 5 (0·3%) | 1485 (0·1%) | |
| Region | |||||||||||
| London | 85 280 (17·8%) | 13 325 (12·0%) | 51 195 (14·6%) | 1830 (41·2%) | 308 860 (17·2%) | 37 050 (13·9%) | 103 345 (18·4%) | 6625 (11·0%) | 505 (30·3%) | 460 960 (16·2%) | |
| South West | 41 905 (8·7%) | 11 795 (10·6%) | 33 470 (9·5%) | 180 (4·1%) | 155 180 (8·6%) | 25 455 (9·6%) | 49 800 (8·9%) | 5500 (9·2%) | 100 (6·0%) | 268 085 (9·4%) | |
| South East | 65 920 (13·7%) | 18 535 (16·7%) | 53 050 (15·1%) | 475 (10·7%) | 248 260 (13·8%) | 41 490 (15·6%) | 69 740 (12·4%) | 9145 (15·2%) | 195 (11·7%) | 398 155 (14·0%) | |
| Midlands | 97 185 (20·3%) | 21 970 (19·8%) | 75 830 (21·6%) | 715 (16·1%) | 368 405 (20·5%) | 53 240 (20·0%) | 109 210 (19·5%) | 11 430 (19·0%) | 230 (13·8%) | 581 070 (20·4%) | |
| East of England | 53 075 (11·1%) | 12 215 (11·0%) | 38 650 (11·0%) | 385 (8·7%) | 197 005 (10·9%) | 28 005 (10·5%) | 65 915 (11·7%) | 6325 (10·5%) | 245 (14·7%) | 310 140 (10·9%) | |
| North West | 68 340 (14·3%) | 15 175 (13·7%) | 42 145 (12·0%) | 560 (12·6%) | 236 670 (13·1%) | 39 105 (14·7%) | 69 595 (12·4%) | 9640 (16·0%) | 195 (11·7%) | 371 060 (13·0%) | |
| North East and Yorkshire | 67 600 (14·1%) | 17 730 (16·0%) | 56 445 (16·1%) | 295 (6·6%) | 284 725 (15·8%) | 42 000 (15·8%) | 93 410 (16·6%) | 11 380 (18·9%) | 185 (11·1%) | 460 515 (16·2%) | |
| Unknown | 255 (0·1%) | 75 (0·1%) | 175 (<0·1%) | 0 | 900 (<0·1%) | 160 (0·1%) | 270 (<0·1%) | 40 (0·1%) | 5 (0·3%) | 1485 (0·1%) | |
| Diabetes duration, years | |||||||||||
| <1 | 730 (0·2%) | 85 (0·1%) | 340 (0·1%) | 5 (0·1%) | 10 965 (0·6%) | 460 (0·2%) | 935 (0·2%) | 25 (<0·1%) | 5 (0·3%) | 25 595 (0·9%) | |
| 1–2 | 19 525 (4·1%) | 3005 (2·7%) | 6740 (1·9%) | 80 (1·8%) | 180 825 (10·0%) | 13 210 (5·0%) | 18 075 (3·2%) | 810 (1·3%) | 35 (2·1%) | 375 145 (13·2%) | |
| 3–4 | 35 195 (7·3%) | 6100 (5·5%) | 10 025 (2·9%) | 130 (2·9%) | 209 400 (11·6%) | 23 390 (8·8%) | 30 695 (5·5%) | 1755 (2·9%) | 40 (2·4%) | 371 805 (13·0%) | |
| 5–9 | 123 830 (25·8%) | 25 100 (22·6%) | 42 700 (12·2%) | 635 (14·3%) | 502 950 (27·9%) | 77 575 (29·1%) | 128 480 (22·9%) | 8955 (14·9%) | 155 (9·3%) | 786 040 (27·6%) | |
| 10–14 | 137 200 (28·6%) | 33 270 (30·0%) | 79 995 (22·8%) | 1110 (25·0%) | 436 870 (24·3%) | 78 525 (29·5%) | 170 575 (30·4%) | 17 575 (29·3%) | 305 (18·3%) | 624 330 (21·9%) | |
| 15–19 | 104 120 (21·7%) | 27 720 (25·0%) | 102 560 (29·2%) | 1380 (31·1%) | 299 280 (16·6%) | 51 050 (19·2%) | 139 690 (24·9%) | 19 825 (33·0%) | 430 (25·8%) | 424 060 (14·9%) | |
| ≥20 | 58 955 (12·3%) | 15 535 (14·0%) | 108 605 (30·9%) | 1100 (24·8%) | 159 715 (8·9%) | 22 295 (8·4%) | 72 835 (13·0%) | 11 140 (18·5%) | 700 (42·0%) | 244 490 (8·6%) | |
| Smoking status | |||||||||||
| Current smoker | 56 030 (11·7%) | 14 045 (12·7%) | 43 315 (12·3%) | 430 (9·7%) | 235 240 (13·1%) | 36 275 (13·6%) | 70 620 (12·6%) | 7145 (11·9%) | 155 (9·3%) | 364 855 (12·8%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 171 565 (35·8%) | 43 220 (39·0%) | 131 280 (37·4%) | 1295 (29·2%) | 626 170 (34·8%) | 91 900 (34·5%) | 195 115 (34·8%) | 20 685 (34·4%) | 540 (32·4%) | 999 840 (35·1%) | |
| Current non-smoker, history unknown | 8540 (1·8%) | 2105 (1·9%) | 7065 (2·0%) | 70 (1·6%) | 29 825 (1·7%) | 4365 (1·6%) | 9070 (1·6%) | 940 (1·6%) | 25 (1·5%) | 49 955 (1·8%) | |
| Never smoked | 243 180 (50·7%) | 51 385 (46·4%) | 169 015 (48·2%) | 2645 (59·6%) | 907 670 (50·4%) | 133 830 (50·2%) | 286 170 (51·0%) | 31 280 (52·1%) | 945 (56·8%) | 1 434 475 (50·3%) | |
| Unknown | 245 (0·1%) | 60 (0·1%) | 285 (0·1%) | 5 (0·1%) | 1100 (0·1%) | 135 (0·1%) | 310 (0·1%) | 35 (0·1%) | 5 (0·3%) | 2340 (0·1%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||||||||||
| <20 | 5620 (1·2%) | 60 (0·1%) | 4355 (1·2%) | 90 (2·0%) | 18 240 (1·0%) | 900 (0·3%) | 6405 (1·1%) | 320 (0·5%) | 25 (1·5%) | 41 780 (1·5%) | |
| 20 to <25 | 66 450 (13·9%) | 1780 (1·6%) | 39 145 (11·2%) | 930 (20·9%) | 232 510 (12·9%) | 21 170 (7·9%) | 78 635 (14·0%) | 5400 (9·0%) | 310 (18·6%) | 395 530 (13·9%) | |
| 25 to <30 | 160 740 (33·5%) | 15 535 (14·0%) | 98 855 (28·2%) | 1525 (34·3%) | 572 160 (31·8%) | 75 925 (28·5%) | 184 785 (32·9%) | 16 600 (27·6%) | 505 (30·3%) | 899 635 (31·5%) | |
| 30 to <35 | 130 015 (27·1%) | 34 570 (31·2%) | 97 435 (27·8%) | 1025 (23·1%) | 487 320 (27·1%) | 80 775 (30·3%) | 150 640 (26·8%) | 17 170 (28·6%) | 390 (23·4%) | 738 590 (25·9%) | |
| 35 to <40 | 59 790 (12·5%) | 28 925 (26·1%) | 55 040 (15·7%) | 470 (10·6%) | 245 045 (13·6%) | 45 780 (17·2%) | 71 010 (12·7%) | 9910 (16·5%) | 190 (11·4%) | 364 950 (12·8%) | |
| ≥40 | 35 740 (7·5%) | 26 360 (23·8%) | 39 215 (11·2%) | 230 (5·2%) | 162 435 (9·0%) | 32 205 (12·1%) | 42 690 (7·6%) | 7830 (13·0%) | 135 (8·1%) | 240 000 (8·4%) | |
| Unknown | 21 200 (4·4%) | 3595 (3·2%) | 16 915 (4·8%) | 175 (3·9%) | 82 290 (4·6%) | 9745 (3·7%) | 27 125 (4·8%) | 2855 (4·8%) | 105 (6·3%) | 170 980 (6·0%) | |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | |||||||||||
| <48 | 49 675 (10·4%) | 10 500 (9·5%) | 22 640 (6·5%) | 500 (11·3%) | 348 420 (19·4%) | 15 110 (5·7%) | 54 565 (9·7%) | 8525 (14·2%) | 260 (15·6%) | 721 855 (25·3%) | |
| 48 to <54 (6·5% to <7·1%) | 81 295 (17·0%) | 13 305 (12·0%) | 32 835 (9·4%) | 690 (15·5%) | 383 730 (21·3%) | 32 745 (12·3%) | 82 850 (14·8%) | 11 805 (19·6%) | 280 (16·8%) | 591 760 (20·8%) | |
| 54 to <59 (7·1% to <7·5%) | 78 775 (16·4%) | 14 065 (12·7%) | 39 490 (11·3%) | 665 (15·0%) | 274 865 (15·3%) | 40 740 (15·3%) | 84 115 (15·0%) | 10 015 (16·7%) | 265 (15·9%) | 365 925 (12·8%) | |
| 59 to <75 (7·5% to <9·0%) | 150 635 (31·4%) | 35 950 (32·4%) | 120 840 (34·4%) | 1440 (32·4%) | 423 835 (23·5%) | 100 880 (37·9%) | 177 575 (31·6%) | 16 340 (27·2%) | 445 (26·7%) | 551 480 (19·3%) | |
| 75 to <86 (9·0% to <10·0%) | 43 745 (9·1%) | 14 180 (12·8%) | 49 815 (14·2%) | 400 (9·0%) | 117 115 (6·5%) | 31 835 (11·9%) | 58 515 (10·4%) | 4315 (7·2%) | 125 (7·5%) | 157 015 (5·5%) | |
| ≥86 | 43 860 (9·1%) | 15 855 (14·3%) | 58 470 (16·7%) | 440 (9·9%) | 122 515 (6·8%) | 29 365 (11·0%) | 63 930 (11·4%) | 4810 (8·0%) | 145 (8·7%) | 174 815 (6·1%) | |
| Unknown | 31 575 (6·6%) | 6965 (6·3%) | 26 865 (7·7%) | 300 (6·8%) | 129 520 (7·2%) | 15 830 (5·9%) | 39 740 (7·1%) | 4270 (7·1%) | 140 (8·4%) | 288 615 (10·1%) | |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1·73 m2 | |||||||||||
| ≥90 | 167 690 (35·0%) | 51 120 (46·1%) | 110 645 (31·5%) | 1615 (36·4%) | 756 755 (42·0%) | 146 240 (54·9%) | 217 250 (38·7%) | 21 570 (35·9%) | 545 (32·7%) | 1 065 540 (37·4%) | |
| 60 to <90 | 188 485 (39·3%) | 43 055 (38·9%) | 129 570 (36·9%) | 1725 (38·9%) | 788 790 (43·8%) | 107 210 (40·2%) | 226 340 (40·3%) | 25 760 (42·9%) | 675 (40·5%) | 1 218 455 (42·7%) | |
| 45 to <60 | 61 320 (12·8%) | 10 230 (9·2%) | 49 395 (14·1%) | 580 (13·1%) | 177 890 (9·9%) | 9710 (3·6%) | 65 835 (11·7%) | 7495 (12·5%) | 240 (14·4%) | 305 995 (10·7%) | |
| 30 to <45 | 41 320 (8·6%) | 4535 (4·1%) | 37 320 (10·6%) | 340 (7·7%) | 54 125 (3·0%) | 1135 (0·4%) | 35 240 (6·3%) | 3610 (6·0%) | 150 (9·0%) | 144 705 (5·1%) | |
| 15 to <30 | 13 620 (2·8%) | 880 (0·8%) | 15 210 (4·3%) | 100 (2·3%) | 3275 (0·2%) | 85 (<0·1%) | 8920 (1·6%) | 825 (1·4%) | 40 (2·4%) | 39 920 (1·4%) | |
| <15 | 3045 (0·6%) | 80 (0·1%) | 4445 (1·3%) | 35 (0·8%) | 145 (<0·1%) | 10 (<0·1%) | 1360 (0·2%) | 100 (0·2%) | 5 (0·3%) | 10 460 (0·4%) | |
| Unknown | 4080 (0·9%) | 920 (0·8%) | 4370 (1·2%) | 50 (1·1%) | 19 025 (1·1%) | 2115 (0·8%) | 6345 (1·1%) | 725 (1·2%) | 20 (1·2%) | 66 390 (2·3%) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||||||
| ≤140 | 378 280 (78·9%) | 88 240 (79·6%) | 264 235 (75·3%) | 3550 (80·0%) | 1 416 115 (78·7%) | 220 035 (82·6%) | 436 215 (77·7%) | 47 240 (78·6%) | 1310 (78·7%) | 2 163 325 (75·9%) | |
| >140 | 74 180 (15·5%) | 16 170 (14·6%) | 66 250 (18·9%) | 635 (14·3%) | 268 680 (14·9%) | 30 300 (11·4%) | 88 410 (15·8%) | 8735 (14·5%) | 250 (15·0%) | 449 595 (15·8%) | |
| Unknown | 27 100 (5·7%) | 6410 (5·8%) | 20 475 (5·8%) | 255 (5·7%) | 115 205 (6·4%) | 16 175 (6·1%) | 36 665 (6·5%) | 4115 (6·8%) | 105 (6·3%) | 238 545 (8·4%) | |
| Total serum cholesterol, mmol/L (mg/dL) | |||||||||||
| <5 (193 mg/dL) | 360 345 (75·1%) | 81 615 (73·6%) | 251 225 (71·6%) | 3385 (76·2%) | 1 326 140 (73·7%) | 192 115 (72·1%) | 418 855 (74·6%) | 45 750 (76·1%) | 1290 (77·5%) | 1 935 545 (67·9%) | |
| ≥5 (193 mg/dL) | 67 360 (14·0%) | 17 030 (15·4%) | 53 815 (15·3%) | 600 (13·5%) | 274 535 (15·3%) | 47 150 (17·7%) | 77 290 (13·8%) | 7645 (12·7%) | 165 (9·9%) | 508 140 (17·8%) | |
| Unknown | 51 850 (10·8%) | 12 170 (11·0%) | 45 920 (13·1%) | 455 (10·2%) | 199 330 (11·1%) | 27 240 (10·2%) | 65 140 (11·6%) | 6690 (11·1%) | 210 (12·6%) | 407 785 (14·3%) | |
| Disease history and medications | |||||||||||
| History of cardiovascular disease | 131 585 (27·4%) | 25 815 (23·3%) | 124 635 (35·5%) | 1105 (24·9%) | 405 290 (22·5%) | 48 605 (18·2%) | 140 755 (25·1%) | 9680 (16·1%) | 480 (28·8%) | 699 390 (24·5%) | |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 391 510 (81·6%) | 92 110 (83·1%) | 298 885 (85·2%) | 3710 (83·6%) | 1 403 145 (78·0%) | 200 830 (75·4%) | 453 100 (80·7%) | 48 350 (80·5%) | 1455 (87·4%) | 2 185 685 (76·7%) | |
| Statins | 395 195 (82·4%) | 93 010 (83·9%) | 285 620 (81·4%) | 3675 (82·8%) | 1 444 545 (80·3%) | 221 070 (83·0%) | 459 485 (81·9%) | 51 750 (86·1%) | 1415 (85·0%) | 2 099 315 (73·6%) | |
| Glucose-lowering drugs | |||||||||||
| None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 755 045 (26·5%) | |
| One class | 45 515 (9·5%) | 4435 (4·0%) | 88 210 (25·1%) | 340 (7·7%) | 842 515 (46·8%) | 9380 (3·5%) | 47 850 (8·5%) | 2710 (4·5%) | 140 (8·4%) | 1 041 095 (36·5%) | |
| Two classes | 207 515 (43·3%) | 30 805 (27·8%) | 141 270 (40·3%) | 1550 (34·9%) | 557 100 (30·9%) | 85 710 (32·2%) | 232 145 (41·4%) | 19 665 (32·7%) | 290 (17·4%) | 638 025 (22·4%) | |
| Three classes or more | 226 525 (47·2%) | 75 580 (68·2%) | 121 480 (34·6%) | 2555 (57·5%) | 400 390 (22·2%) | 171 410 (64·3%) | 281 295 (50·1%) | 37 710 (62·8%) | 1230 (73·9%) | 417 300 (14·6%) | |
| Outcome | |||||||||||
| Alive | 467 325 (97·4%) | 109 650 (98·9%) | 338 180 (96·4%) | 4345 (97·9%) | 1 770 855 (98·4%) | 264 850 (99·4%) | 549 305 (97·9%) | 59 175 (98·5%) | 1620 (97·3%) | 2 784 520 (97·7%) | |
| Deaths in people with COVID-19* | 2733 (0·6%) | 279 (0·3%) | 2825 (0·8%) | 20 (0·5%) | 6295 (0·3%) | 458 (0·2%) | 2628 (0·5%) | 226 (0·4%) | 15 (0·9%) | 13 479 (0·5%) | |
| Mortality rate (per 1000 person-years) | 10·7 (10·3–11·1) | 4·7 (4·1–5·2) | 15·2 (14·7–15·8) | 8·4 (4·7–12·2) | 6·5 (6·4–6·7) | 3·2 (2·9–3·5) | 8·8 (8·4–9·1) | 7·0 (6·1–7·9) | 17·0 (8·4–25·5) | 8·9 (8·7–9·0) | |
| Deaths in people without COVID-19* | 9499 (2·0%) | 887 (0·8%) | 9953 (2·8%) | 76 (1·7%) | 22 855 (1·3%) | 1200 (0·5%) | 9359 (1·7%) | 684 (1·1%) | 27 (1·6%) | 53 469 (1·9%) | |
| Mortality rate (per 1000 person-years) | 37·3 (36·5–38·0) | 14·9 (13·9–15·9) | 53·7 (52·6–54·7) | 32·1 (24·9–39·3) | 23·8 (23·4–24·1) | 8·4 (7·9–8·9) | 31·3 (30·7–31·9) | 21·3 (19·7–22·9) | 30·5 (19·0–42·0) | 35·2 (34·9–35·5) | |
Data are n (%), apart from mortality rates (95% CI). Data taken directly from the National Diabetes Audit are rounded to the nearest five people to protect confidentiality. eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*
Death data from the Office for National Statistics and associated mortality rates are unrounded; whole-cohort data also include people who were prescribed none of the listed glucose-lowering drugs (4132 deaths with COVID-19).