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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 30.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1991 May;16(5):562–571. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199105000-00014

Table 3.

Female vs. Males by GCM*

Flexion-Extension Rx
L1–2 L2–3 L3–4 L4–5 L5-Sa

(Female avg)-(male avg) 1.5 −0.1 0.0 0.8 3.1
t-test P values 0.65 0.99 0.66 0.46 0.06

Lateral Bending Rz
T12–1 L1–2 L2–3 L3–4 L4–5

(Female avg)-(male avg) 1.8 0.9 0.3 −1.6 −0.7
t-test P values 0.65 0.99 0.66 0.46 0.06
*

Statistical comparison of the normal female population with the normal male population, as measured by GCM.