. 2021 Mar 23;2021:6674658. doi: 10.1155/2021/6674658

Table 4.

Comparison according to POMS (2/2).

Items	Time	Ketamine (N = 30)	Control (N = 30)	Effect of ketamine relative to control		RMANOVA P values
Items	Time	Ketamine (N = 30)	Control (N = 30)	Mean ± SD	Between subjects	Between subjects	Within subjects	Inter-action
Depression
Depressed	Pre	1.8 ± 0.8	1.8 ± 1.1	0.0 ± 0.2	−0.5–0.5	0.002 ^∗	0.355	<0.001 ^∗
Depressed	Post	1.0 ± 0.6	2.4 ± 1.2	−1.5 ± 0.2	−2.0–1.0	0.002 ^∗	0.355	<0.001 ^∗
Down hearted	Pre	1.8 ± 0.5	1.7 ± 1.1	0.1 ± 0.2	−0.4–0.6	0.036 ^∗	0.141	<0.001 ^∗
Down hearted	Post	1.4 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 1.0	−0.9 ± 0.2	−1.3–0.5	0.036 ^∗	0.141	<0.001 ^∗
Miserable	Pre	1.8 ± 0.8	1.9 ± 1.1	−0.1 ± 0.2	−0.6–0.4	0.002 ^∗	0.261	<0.001 ^∗
Miserable	Post	1.3 ± 0.9	2.6 ± 1.0	−1.4 ± 0.2	−1.9–0.9	0.002 ^∗	0.261	<0.001 ^∗
Unhappy	Pre	2.8 ± 1.2	3.1 ± 1.1	−0.3 ± 0.3	−0.9–0.3	0.005 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗	0.001 ^∗
Unhappy	Post	1.6 ± 0.8	2.8 ± 1.1	−1.1 ± 0.2	−1.6–0.7	0.005 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗	0.001 ^∗
Total depression subscale	Pre	8.1 ± 2.3	8.4 ± 2.8	−0.3 ± 0.7	−1.6–1.1	<0.001 ^∗	0.005 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗
Total depression subscale	Post	5.3 ± 1.9	10.2 ± 3.4	−4.9 ± 0.7	−6.3–3.4	<0.001 ^∗	0.005 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗

Confusion
Confused	Pre	1.1 ± 0.9	1.1 ± 1.0	0.0 ± 0.2	−0.4–0.5	0.005 ^∗	0.430	<0.001 ^∗
Confused	Post	0.5 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.7	−1.1 ± 0.2	−1.4–0.8	0.005 ^∗	0.430	<0.001 ^∗
Mixed up	Pre	1.3 ± 0.7	1.2 ± 1.0	0.1 ± 0.2	−0.4–0.5	0.177	0.001 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗
Mixed up	Post	1.2 ± 0.8	1.9 ± 0.9	−0.6 ± 0.2	−1.1–0.2	0.177	0.001 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗
Muddled	Pre	1.7 ± 1.2	1.5 ± 0.8	0.2 ± 0.3	−0.3–0.7	0.001 ^∗	0.119	0.001 ^∗
Muddled	Post	0.6 ± 0.7	2.1 ± 1.0	−1.5 ± 0.2	−2.0–1.1	0.001 ^∗	0.119	0.001 ^∗
Uncertain	Pre	1.3 ± 1.2	1.3 ± 0.9	0.1 ± 0.3	−0.5–0.6	0.001 ^∗	0.536	<0.001 ^∗
Uncertain	Post	0.6 ± 0.7	2.2 ± 1.0	−1.6 ± 0.2	−2.0–1.2	0.001 ^∗	0.536	<0.001 ^∗
Total confusion subscale	Pre	5.4 ± 3.1	5.0 ± 2.1	0.4 ± 0.7	−1.0–1.7	<0.001 ^∗	0.603	<0.001 ^∗
Total confusion subscale	Post	2.9 ± 1.6	7.7 ± 2.1	−4.9 ± 0.5	−5.8–3.9	<0.001 ^∗	0.603	<0.001 ^∗

Anger
Angry	Pre	1.0 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 1.0	−0.2 ± 0.2	−0.6–0.3	0.001 ^∗	0.366	<0.001 ^∗
Angry	Post	0.4 ± 0.5	1.5 ± 0.8	−1.1 ± 0.2	−1.5–0.7	0.001 ^∗	0.366	<0.001 ^∗
Annoyed	Pre	1.7 ± 0.6	1.5 ± 0.7	0.2 ± 0.2	−0.1–0.6	0.752	0.252	0.007 ^∗
Annoyed	Post	1.5 ± 0.7	1.9 ± 0.9	−0.3 ± 0.2	−0.7–0.1	0.752	0.252	0.007 ^∗
Bad tempered	Pre	2.2 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 1.2	0.1 ± 0.3	−0.5–0.6	0.715	<0.001 ^∗	0.214
Bad tempered	Post	1.5 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 1.2	−0.2 ± 0.2	−0.7–0.3	0.715	<0.001 ^∗	0.214
Bitter	Pre	1.9 ± 1.4	1.7 ± 1.3	0.1 ± 0.3	−0.5–0.8	0.552	0.005 ^∗	0.010 ^∗
Bitter	Post	1.2 ± 1.2	1.7 ± 1.3	−0.5 ± 0.3	−1.1–0.1	0.552	0.005 ^∗	0.010 ^∗
Total anger subscale	Pre	6.7 ± 2.5	6.4 ± 1.9	0.3 ± 0.6	−0.9–1.4	0.095	<0.001 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗
Total anger subscale	Post	4.7 ± 2.0	6.8 ± 2.6	−2.2 ± 0.6	−3.4–1.0	0.095	<0.001 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗

Total POMS
Preoperative		28.1 ± 8.0	27.8 ± 9.5	0.3 ± 2.3	−4.3–4.8	<0.001 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗
Postoperative		11.9 ± 5.4	37.3 ± 13.0	−25.4 ± 2.6	−30.5–20.2	<0.001 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗	<0.001 ^∗

^∧RMANOVA test. ^∗Significant.