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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Jan 28;136:39–46. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.019

Table 2.

LIWC speech features associated with overall Expressed Emotion (EE) classification based on a significant Spearman rank correlation or identification from the Boruta algorithm

Spearman rank correlation Cohen’s d (95% CI) p-value
Affect words* 0.21 −0.34 (−0.71, 0.02) 0.02
Anger* 0.22 −0.51 (−0.87, −0.14) 0.01
Authentic −0.18 0.47 (0.11, 0.84) 0.04
Function words* 0.14 −0.31 (−0.67, 0.06) 0.13
Home 0.23 −0.47 (−0.84, −0.11) 0.01
Informal language* −0.29 0.62 (0.25, 0.99) 0.001
Ingest* 0.20 −0.30 (−0.66, 0.06) 0.03
Insight* −0.22 0.49 (0.13, 0.86) 0.02
Male references 0.27 −0.47 (−0.83, −0.10) 0.002
Negative emotion* 0.21 −0.31 (−0.67, 0.05) 0.02
Nonfluencies* −0.28 0.59 (0.22, 0.96) 0.001
Relativity* 0.03 −0.09 (−0.45, 0.27) 0.72
See* 0.19 −0.39 (−0.75, −0.02) 0.04
Social* 0.20 −0.45 (−0.81, −0.08) 0.03
Space* 0.21 −0.43 (−0.79, −0.07) 0.02
Third-person singular 0.22 −0.46 (−0.83, −0.10) 0.02
*

indicates speech features used in final SVM classification for EE