Table 3.

LIWC speech features associated with EE subtypes based on a significant Spearman rank correlation or identification from the Boruta algorithm

	Spearman rank correlation	Cohen’s d (95% CI)	p-value
Criticism
Adjectives	−0.20	0.41 (0.03, 0.78)	0.02
Adverb	−0.18	0.26 (−0.12, 0.63)	0.04
Anger*	0.41	−0.90 (−1.29, −0.51)	<0.001
Anxiety*	0.05	0.01 (−0.36, 0.38)	0.55
Differentiation	0.18	−0.37 (−0.74, 0.00)	0.04
Female references	−0.18	0.39 (0.01, 0.76)	0.04
Informal language*	−0.20	0.41 (0.03, 0.78)	0.03
Insight*	−0.17	0.41 (0.04, 0.79)	0.06
Male references	0.20	−0.47 (−0.85, −0.10)	0.03
Negate*	0.20	−0.32 (−0.70, 0.05)	0.02
Negative emotions	0.25	−0.41 (−0.78, −0.03)	0.005
Nonfluencies	−0.19	0.34 (−0.03, 0.71)	0.04
Risk	0.18	−0.35 (−0.72, 0.03)	0.05
Tentative*	0.28	−0.52 (−0.90, −0.15)	0.002
Tone (emotional tone)	−0.19	0.36 (−0.01, 0.74)	0.04
Emotional Overinvolvement
Affect words*	0.22	−0.44 (−0.83, −0.05)	0.01
Auxiliary verbs*	0.26	−0.60 (−0.99, −0.21)	0.004
Biological processes*	0.24	−0.64 (−1.03, −0.24)	0.007
Function words*	0.19	−0.41 (−0.80, −0.03)	0.03
Informal language*	−0.27	0.61 (0.22, 1.00)	0.003
Male references*	0.19	−0.32 (−0.71, 0.07)	0.04
Nonfluencies*	−0.24	0.62 (0.23, 1.01)	0.007
Perceptual processes*	0.31	−0.68 (−1.08, −0.29)	<0.001
Personal pronouns*	0.23	−0.51 (−0.90, −0.12)	0.01
Positive emotions*	0.18	0.52 (0.13, 0.91)	0.05
See*	0.28	−0.67 (−1.06, −0.28)	0.002
Six-letter words*	−0.17	0.43 (0.05, 0.82)	0.07
Tentative*	−0.22	0.52 (0.13, 0.91)	0.02
Verbs*	0.19	−0.45 (−0.84, −0.06)	0.04
Warmth
Affiliation	0.18	−0.33 (−0.80, 0.14)	0.04
Anxiety*	−0.23	0.50 (−0.07, 0.87)	0.01
Body	−0.22	0.54 (0.07, 1.01)	0.01
Filler	0.14	−0.36 (−0.83, 0.11)	0.12
Negate*	−0.25	0.63 (0.15, 1.10)	0.007
Negative emotions*	−0.28	0.75 (0.28, 1.23)	0.002
Nonfluencies*	0.02	−0.10 (−0.57, 0.36)	0.81
Positive emotions*	0.10	−0.18 (−0.65, −0.28)	0.28
Tone	0.22	−0.56 (−1.04, −0.09)	0.02
Word count	0.20	−0.47 (−0.94, −0.00)	0.03

^*indicates speech features used in final SVM classification for that EE subtype