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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cognition. 2021 Feb 17;210:104577. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104577

Figure 1.

Figure 1

a. Waveform showing voice-onset time (VOT) for intruder sound b in speech error Baby eye [b]atch (Simon Fraser University Speech Error Database – English, record ID13005).

b. Visualization of cascading activation from the mis-selected error sound b in double circle and intended sound p of intended word patch. The selected phoneme b sends a large amount of activation to the glottal gesture consistent with voiced stops, yet the weakly-activated competitor p also sends a smaller activation signal to its corresponding gesture – resulting in the intermediate articulation between the two categories (see Goldrick & Chu, 2014 for simulation of this effect using gestural articulations from Browman & Goldstein, 1992).